Mortality Following Hip Fracture Surgery During COVID-19 Pandemic Compared to Pre-COVID-19 Period: A Case Matched Cohort Series

Abstract

Introduction: This study aims to report on clinical outcomes and 30-day mortality of patients with neck of femur fracture during COVID-19 pandemic and compare the outcomes in a cohort during the same period prior to the pandemic. Material and Methods: The study included 66 patients with hip fracture over the age of 60 years, presented between 1st March and 15th May 2020 and matched with the patients with hip fractures (75 patients) managed during the corresponding period in 2019 as control. Data was collected on demographics, comorbidities, COVID-19 status, procedures and mortality and complications. Results: Thirty-day mortality following hip surgery was 13.6% during COVID-19 pandemic with all the mortalities in patients with ASA Grade 3 and 4. Mortality was considerably high for intracapsular fracture (20%) but highest in cemented hemiarthroplasty (20%). One third of the hip fractures operated in COVID-19 designated theatre died within 30 days of surgery. Thirty-day mortality rate for COVID-19 positive hip fracture patients were 55.5%. There has been higher 30-day mortality for hip surgeries during COVID-19 pandemic with positive correlation between patient’s COVID-19 test status and 30-day mortality following hip surgeries. Conclusion: There is strong association between 30-day mortality and the designated theatre (Clean/COVID) where the patients were operated on with higher mortality for intracapsular neck of femur fractures with significant mortality associated with cemented hemiarthroplasty particularly among symptomatic or COVID-19 positive patients. Therefore, adoption of a multidisciplinary approach is recommended to optimally balance the risk-benefit ratio for planning of management of hip fractures while considering patient’s peri-operative outcomes.