Mortality of Suicide and Cerebro-Cardiovascular Diseases by Occupation in Korea, 1997–2020

Abstract

Although studies on occupational mortality have been conducted in Korea, the results for occupations with high mortality around 2010 are inconsistent. This study aimed to examine occupational mortality from overwork-related suicide and cerebro-cardiovascular diseases (CCVD) from 1997 to 2020. We used microdata of the Causes of Death Statistics (CDS) and Economically Active Population Survey (EAPS) to obtain indirect standardized mortality ratio (SMR) and standardized proportional mortality ratio (PMR) of suicide (X60–X84) and CCVD deaths (I20–I25 and I60–I69) by gender and eight occupational categories. The trend of SMR of suicide and CCVD by occupation was similar within individual genders. The SMR of managers (MNG) was the highest for men and women in 2012–2017 and 2008–2020, respectively, whereas the SMR of professionals and related workers (PRF) was consistently low. Despite the similar socioeconomic status of MNG and PRF, we suggest that their mortality should be analyzed separately in Korea. SMR of suicide and CCVD in female MNG were consistently highest, although the PMR was low. Female MNG may have been more directly affected by the economic crisis. There is a need for work-related stress management, early intervention, and prevention policies in occupations vulnerable to mortality.

Impacts of Working Hours, Wages, and Regular Employment Opportunity on Suicide Mortalities of Employed and Unemployed Individuals before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan

“…Heavy workload (generally over 100 h per month of overtime) is established as a risk for deterioration of physical and/or mental conditions, including suicide [55][56][57][58]. The "Work Style Reform Act" was enacted to limit or control the heavy workload through tightening the upper limit of long working hours and improving wage systems independent of the types of employment [31].…”

Mental Health Conditions– and Substance Use—Associated Emergency Department Visits during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Nevada, USA

“…All ED visits associated with opioids, cannabis, cigarette smoking, alcohol use, suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and schizophrenia were identified using the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Edition (ICD-10). These codes are listed in Supplemental Table S1 and have been used in prior publications [26,33]. The University of Nevada, Las Vegas, institutional review board deemed this study exempt because the SEDDN database provides administrative data after complete de-identification [26].…”

“…The SEDDN contains rich information on all no acute community hospitals in Nevada [26]. All ED visits associated with opioid bis, cigarette smoking, alcohol use, suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and schiz were identified using the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Edition These codes are listed in Supplemental Table S1 and have been used in prior pub [26,33]. The University of Nevada, Las Vegas, institutional review board dee study exempt because the SEDDN database provides administrative data after de-identification [26].…”