Mortality of the tobacco caterpillar,Spodoptera litura (F.), when treated withBacillus Thuringiensis combinations with boric acid and insecticides

Govindarajan, R.; Jayaraj, S.; Narayanan, K.

doi:10.1007/bf02981086

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Boric acid also potentiates the activity of B. thuringiensis in Lepidoptera to a degree similar to that observed for baculoviruses (Doane and Wallis, 1964;Govindarajan et al, 1976;Morris et al, 1995). As both Bt and baculoviruses are active by ingestion, we assume that boric acid affects the conditions in the insect gut, possibly by altering the integrity or permeability of the peritrophic membrane or the cells of the gut epidermis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Formulation of a Nucleopolyhedrovirus with Boric Acid for Control of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Maize

et al. 2002

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Formulation of a Nucleopolyhedrovirus with Boric Acid for Control of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Maize

et al. 2002

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“…Among the seven inorganic salts (sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, calcium carbonate, zinc sulphate, calcium chloride, magnesium sulphate and boric acid) tested, only boric acid increased the potency of Bt from 40% larval mortality caused by Bt alone to 60% when the Bt spray was mixed with boric acid. The potency‐enhancing effect of boric acid with Bt has also been reported against tobacco cutworm Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (Govindarajan et al, ), gypsy moth larvae Lymantria dispar (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) (Charles & Wallis, ), bertha armyworm larvae Mamestra configurata Walker (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (Morris et al, ) and African bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (Sabbour et al, ; Vimala Devi & Vineela, ). Boric acid is used as a stomach poison and contact insecticide (Cisneros et al, ; Xue & Barnard, ; Zurek et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Boric acid is used as a stomach poison and contact insecticide (Cisneros et al, ; Xue & Barnard, ; Zurek et al, ). It is assumed that boric acid destroys the protective layer of the peritrophic membrane and lining of the gut, thereby facilitating the diffusion of B. thuringiensis toxin to the insect midgut epithelium and hence the enhancement (Govindarajan et al, ; Metcalf, Flint, & Metcalf, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…kurstaki ‐based product, Halt®, was reported. Several authors aimed at increasing the efficacy of Bt sprays by incorporating chemical additives (El‐Moursy, Aboul‐Ela, Salama, & Abdel‐Razek, ; Gibson, Gallo, Krasnoff, & Ketchum, ; Govindarajan, Jayaraj, & Narayanan, ; Morris, Converse, & Kanagaratnam, ; Sabbour, Abdel‐Hakim, & Abdou, ; Salama, Abd El‐Baset, & Ragaei, ; Salama, Foda, & Sharaby, , , , ; Salama et al, ; Vimala Devi & Vineela, ; Zhang et al, ). Addition of ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) to Bt spray against Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), greasy cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and diamondback moth provided synergistic effects and improved its efficacy against these pests (El‐Moursy et al, ; Liu & Tabashnik, ; Salama et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical additives enhance the activity of a Bt‐based biopesticide targeting the beet webworm larvae

Opisa

Akutse

Plessis

et al. 2019

J Applied Entomology

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Spoladea recurvalis (Fbr.) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) larvae can cause up to 100% foliage loss on amaranths during severe outbreaks. The Bacillus thuringiensis Subsp. kurstaki product Halt® is a biologically safe biopesticide recommended for the management of Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) and Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus). Spoladea recurvalis larvae are less susceptible to the product. Thirteen chemical additives to improve the efficacy of a Bt spray for control of S. recurvalis were evaluated in laboratory bioassays against second‐instar larvae. All the additives except calcium chloride caused an increase in mortality when applied in mixtures with Bt. Among the seven inorganic salts, boric acid was the only inorganic acid that caused more than 50% larval mortality. Boric acid at a concentration of 0.05% increased the activity of B. thuringiensis by 2.9‐fold. Boric acid had the shortest LT50 values of 5.3 days compared with all other combinations. Two nitrogenous compounds, peptone and sodium nitrate, caused 54 and 51% larval mortalities; however, this increase in efficacy was not significantly different from the mortalities caused by Bt applied without any additive. Urea increased larval mortality from 40% to 51%, although the increase was not significant from a Bt spray application only. Citric acid had no significant effect on the efficacy of Bt spray against S. recurvalis larvae. Overall, among the additives evaluated, the efficacy of Bt spray was most enhanced by boric acid and could be further evaluated under field conditions for validation, and integration into an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategy for S. recurvalis management.

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“…This insect is being investigated utilizing pest management criteria (GARCIA 1979). The use of microbial a ents in combination with chemical insecticides HALL 1963; SUTTER GOVINDARAJAN et al 1976). However, the lack of information on compatibility between pathogens and chemical insecticides has provoked contradictory conclusions (BENZ 1971; SUTTER MORRIS 1972; ALTAHTAWY and ABALESS 1972;CHEN et al 1974;MORRIS 1975 and1977).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compatibility and synergism between Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki and two chemical insecticides

Habib

Garcia

1981

Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie

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Insect cell lines in suspension, cultivated in roller bottles 7 8. MITSUHASHI, J.; MARAMOROSCH, K., 1964: "Leafhopper Tissue Culture: Embryonic, Nymphal, and Imaginal Tissues from Aseptic Insects". Contrib. Boyce Thompson Inst. 22, 435. AbstractGermination and growth rates of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki were measured in artificial medium containing chemical insecticides. Methyl parathion was highly compatible with the bacterium. The higher concentrations of this chemical (1.88 and 3.75 ppm) enhanced the bacterial germination and reproduction. Pyrethroid was also found to be compatible with the bacterium. Concentrations of 1.44 ppm at p H 6.5 and 2.89 ppm at p H 8.6 of pyrethroid stimulated bacterial germination.The susceptibility of S odoptera frugiperda larvae was determined for the bio-insecticide when combined with either of tce two chemical insecticides. The organophosphorus com ound as well comtined, methyl parathion increased t i e toxicity effect of pyrethroid against S. frugiperda larvae.as p rethroid showed inapparent anta onism with the pathogen. When the two c R emicals were 2. ang. Ent. 91 (1981), 7-14 0 1981 Verlag Paul Parey, Hamburg und Berlin ISSN 0044-2240 / Intercode: ZANEAE has recently received a great % eal of attention (STEINHAUS 1956; FRANZ 1961;

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Mortality of the tobacco caterpillar,Spodoptera litura (F.), when treated withBacillus Thuringiensis combinations with boric acid and insecticides

Cited by 11 publications

References 6 publications

Formulation of a Nucleopolyhedrovirus with Boric Acid for Control of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Maize

Formulation of a Nucleopolyhedrovirus with Boric Acid for Control of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Maize

Chemical additives enhance the activity of a Bt‐based biopesticide targeting the beet webworm larvae

Compatibility and synergism between Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki and two chemical insecticides

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