Mortality of the Wheat Stem Sawfly (Hymenoptera: Cephidae) at Low Temperatures

Morrill, Wendell L.; Gabor, Jámes W.; Wichman, David M.

doi:10.1093/ee/22.6.1358

Cited by 20 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…Freezing and desiccation are important mortality factors for sawßy larvae in exposed stubs (Salt 1946(Salt , 1961. Although there is high mortality in exposed stubs (Morrill et al 1993), current tillage methods do not expose enough soil-free stubble to affect sawßy populations the following year (Goosey 1999).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sawßies and their parasitoids overwinter in postharvest wheat stubble. The effects of stubble management on sawßy populations have been extensively investigated (Criddle 1922, Callenbach and Hansmeier 1944, Farstad et al 1945, Holmes and Farstad 1956, Weiss et al 1987, Morrill et al 1993, Goosey 1999; however, nothing has been reported about the effects of stubble management on levels of sawßy parasitism. The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of fallow management on populations of wheat stem sawßy and its associated parasitoids.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Parasitism of the Wheat Stem Sawfly (Hymenoptera: Cephidae) by Bracon cephi and B. lissogaster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Wheat Fields Bordering Tilled and Untilled Fallow in Montana

Runyon

Morrill

Weaver

et al. 2002

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We evaluated wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Norton, parasitism, infestation, and sawfly-cut stems in wheat fields bordering intensely tilled (no visible stubble residue), minimally tilled (>75% stubble residue visible), and untilled (chemical fallow, herbicide fallow management) summer fallow fields in north-central and south-central Montana. No difference in sawfly parasitism or sawfly-cut stems was found between fields bordering minimally tilled and fields bordering untilled summer fallow. Sawfly parasitism in fields bordering untilled summer fallow was greater than in fields bordering intensely tilled summer fallow at six of the eight sites examined. Sawfly-cut stems were greater in the field bordering intensely tilled fallow at four sites, with no difference in sawfly-cut stems between the intensely tilled and untilled field at the other four sites. Although it has never been reported, we have observed that many sawfly stubs are completely buried. Therefore, we measured the depth of sawfly stubs in four untilled fields in Broadwater County, MT. Two-thirds of the stubs were completely buried (206 of 300) with an average depth of 6 mm. Intensive tillage, which results in soil-covered stubble, is not an effective sawfly control practice, because sawflies typically overwinter below ground and upon emergence must dig to reach the soil surface. However, Bracon cephi (Gahan) and Bracon lissogaster Muesebeck overwinter above ground in stems and might be unable to dig to the soil surface if buried. The elimination of intensive tillage in favor of chemical fallow should result in greater sawfly parasitism over time. Producers replacing minimal tillage with chemical fallow should see no effect on sawfly parasitism.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasitism of the Wheat Stem Sawfly (Hymenoptera: Cephidae) by Bracon cephi and B. lissogaster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Wheat Fields Bordering Tilled and Untilled Fallow in Montana

Runyon

Morrill

Weaver

et al. 2002

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“…The wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Norton (Hymenoptera: Cephidae), is one of the most important pests of wheat, Triticum aestivum L. (Cyperales: Poaceae), especially in the Northern Great Plains of the United States and Canada (Weiss & Morill, 1992;Morill et al, 1993). Annual losses from this pest exceed $600 million (Beres et al, 2011).…”

Section: Inroductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Entomopathogenic Fungi and Nematodes, and Low Risk Insecticides Against Wheat Stem Sawfly, Cephus cinctus (Hymenoptera: Cephidae)

Tangtrakulwanich¹,

Reddy²,

Wu³

et al. 2014

JAS

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Entomopathogenic nematodes, fungi, and low risk insecticides were evaluated for the management of the wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Norton, in winter wheat at two locations (Devon and Western Triangle Ag Research center) in the Golden Triangle area of Montana (USA) in 2013. Two fungi (Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium brunneum), four nematodes species (Steinernema carpocapsae, Steinernema kraussei, Steinernema feltiae, and Heterorthabditis bacteriophora), an insect growth regulator (diflubenzuron/dimilin), and a botanical-based chemical (azadirachtin/Aza-direct) were used as foliar sprays. These control agents significantly reduced damage caused by C. cinctus larvae, compared to the untreated control or treatment with water alone. No yield differences were observed among entomopathogenic fungi, nematodes, and low risk insecticides. The effectiveness of azadirachtin, diflubenzuron, the entomopathogenic fungi, and the nematodes persisted at the 28 th day post application, by which time the wheat had been harvested. Stubbles collected after harvest showed significantly fewer sawfly larvae in the plots treated with entomopathogenic fungi, nematodes, diflubenzuron, and azadirachtin compared to the untreated and water spray plots, indicating that these biorational pesticides have potential to be used as alternatives to conventional pesticides for controlling the wheat stem sawfly larvae.

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“…As a result of increased parasitoid pressure, C. cinctus survival and abundance can be reduced . While tillage kills C. cinctus larvae overwintering within wheat stems by burying the wheat stubble, it may also disproportionately kill parasitoids of C. cinctus if they overwinter belowground …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Farming system and wheat cultivar affect infestation of, and parasitism on, Cephus cinctus in the Northern Great Plains

Adhikari

Seipel

Menalled

et al. 2018

Pest Management Science

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Mortality of the Wheat Stem Sawfly (Hymenoptera: Cephidae) at Low Temperatures

Cited by 20 publications

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Parasitism of the Wheat Stem Sawfly (Hymenoptera: Cephidae) by <I>Bracon cephi</I> and <I>B. lissogaster</I> (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Wheat Fields Bordering Tilled and Untilled Fallow in Montana

Parasitism of the Wheat Stem Sawfly (Hymenoptera: Cephidae) by <I>Bracon cephi</I> and <I>B. lissogaster</I> (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Wheat Fields Bordering Tilled and Untilled Fallow in Montana

Efficacy of Entomopathogenic Fungi and Nematodes, and Low Risk Insecticides Against Wheat Stem Sawfly, Cephus cinctus (Hymenoptera: Cephidae)

Farming system and wheat cultivar affect infestation of, and parasitism on, Cephus cinctus in the Northern Great Plains

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