Mortality outbreak by perch rhabdovirus in European perch (<i>Perca fluviatilis</i>) farmed in Italy: Clinical presentation and phylogenetic analysis

Caruso, Claudio; Gustinelli, Andrea; Pastorino, Paolo; Acutis, Pier Luigi; Prato, Riccardo; Masoero, Loretta; Peletto, Simone; Fioravanti, Marialetizia; Prearo, Marino

doi:10.1111/jfd.12975

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Over the past four decades, a group of perhabdoviruses (family Rhabdoviridae) have caused losses of percid (perch and pike-perch) fry, juveniles and adults in European countries, mostly on farms and in experimental facilities [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Sick fish usually display abnormal swimming behavior, such as swirling, alternating with lethargy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Lineage of Perch Rhabdovirus Associated with Mortalities of Farmed Perch

Pallandre¹,

Lautraite²,

Feuvrier³

et al. 2021

Pathogens

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A perhabdovirus was isolated from a mortality episode affecting a fish farm in 2019 in Western Europe. This virus was produced in cell culture and was readily detected by a species-specific real-time PCR assay. The near-complete sequence of the virus obtained showed some relatedness with viruses of the species Perhabdovirus perca. However, it was distinct enough from these viruses to form a separate genetic lineage. Multiple substitutions along the genome caused non-detection using a range of conventional PCRs previously shown to target four known genogroups of perhabdoviruses. However, various generic PCRs efficiently detected the isolated virus. The origin of this virus remains to be elucidated. It may have been introduced into the farm via wild genitors. This finding provides new evidence of the high genetic diversity of percid perhabdoviruses and the potential of new genotypes to emerge as threats for fish farming. Efforts to improve the existing diagnostic methods and control this large group of viruses are still needed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Lineage of Perch Rhabdovirus Associated with Mortalities of Farmed Perch

Pallandre¹,

Lautraite²,

Feuvrier³

et al. 2021

Pathogens

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“…Since their first discovery in France in 1980, variants of Perch rhabdovirus (PRV) have regularly been associated with mortality of larvae or juveniles of percids (perch and pike‐perch) in various European countries (Betts et al, 2003; Bigarré et al, 2017; Caruso et al, 2019; Dannevig et al, 2001; Dorson et al, 1984; Gadd et al, 2013; Jørgensen et al, 1993; Nougayrède et al, 1992; Pallandre et al, 2021; Ruane et al, 2014; Rupp et al, 2019; Talbi et al, 2011; Wahli et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Further spread of perch rhabdovirus on European percid farms

Pallandre¹,

Schmidt‐Posthaus

Pozet³

et al. 2022

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Variants of perch rhabdovirus (PRV) circulate across European percid farms via the fish trade. To trace their circulation, they are usually isolated by cell culture and subsequently identified genetically by sequencing partial or complete genes. Here, a newly developed nested PCR‐based method was used to amplify and sequence the complete N and P genes directly from clinical samples obtained during an outbreak on a farm as well as from four batches of fish sampled from two other farms in another country. In an attempt to trace the origin of the five detected viruses, their N and P sequences were concatenated and compared with related viruses. One virus found in pike‐perch was highly related to a virus isolated in 2016 in Belgium. Two other viruses detected on a single farm were distinct from one another, with one being almost identical to another virus isolated in 2016 in Belgium and the other being more closely related to a subgroup with different origins, France and Belgium. Two other viruses found in perch from a third farm were identical and were more related to a subgroup of viruses isolated in France. Identifying variants by a direct PCR approach will help to prevent further dissemination in farms.

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“…To date, only one PRV isolate has been completely sequenced, and about half of the genomes of two members of Sea trout perhabdovirus, namely LTRV and Swedish sea trout virus (SSTV), are available [13,15,16]. Other viral isolates have been partially sequenced, focusing on the partial N or L genes or the complete G open reading frame (ORF) [2,3,6,12]. Using these data, four (A-D) and two (E-F) genogroups have been distinguished within the Perch perhabdovirus and Sea trout perhabdovirus species, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, little attention has been given to the concomitant dissemination of fish pathogens, including viruses of the Perhabdovirus genus ( Rhabdoviridae family). Since the 1980s, various perhabdoviruses have caused losses in percids and other freshwater species in farms or experimental facilities in European countries [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. Infected fish often exhibit abnormal swimming behavior and lethargy, as well as hemorrhaging at the base of the fins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting the Classification of Percid Perhabdoviruses Using New Full-Length Genomes

Pallandre

Luo

Feuvrier³

et al. 2020

Viruses

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Perhabdoviruses are a threat to some freshwater fish species raised in aquaculture farms in Europe. Although the genetic diversity of these viruses is suspected to be high, the classification of isolates is still in its infancy, with just one full-length genome available and only partial sequences for a limited number of others. Here, we characterized a series of viruses isolated from percids in France from 1999 to 2009 by sequencing the nucleoprotein (N) gene. Four main clusters were distinguished, all related at varying levels of similarity to one of the two already-recognized species, namely Perch perhabdovirus and Sea trout perhabdovirus. Furthermore, we obtained the complete genome of five isolates, including one belonging to Sea trout rhabdovirus. The analysis of the complete L genes and the concatenated open reading frames confirmed the existence of four main genetic clusters, sharing 69 to 74% similarity. We propose the assignation of all these viral isolates into four species, including two new ones: Perch perhabdovirus 1, Perch perhabdovirus 2, Sea trout perhabdovirus 1 and Sea trout perhabdovirus 2. In addition, we developed new primers to readily amplify specific portions of the N gene of any isolate of each species by conventional PCR. The presence of such genetically diverse viruses in France is likely due to divergent viral populations maintained in the wild and then introduced to experimental facilities or farms, as well as via trade between farms across the European continent. It is now urgent to improve the identification tools for this large group of viruses to prevent their unchecked dissemination.

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Mortality outbreak by perch rhabdovirus in European perch (Perca fluviatilis) farmed in Italy: Clinical presentation and phylogenetic analysis

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

A New Lineage of Perch Rhabdovirus Associated with Mortalities of Farmed Perch

A New Lineage of Perch Rhabdovirus Associated with Mortalities of Farmed Perch

Further spread of perch rhabdovirus on European percid farms

Revisiting the Classification of Percid Perhabdoviruses Using New Full-Length Genomes

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