Mortality Risk Associated with Perinatal Drug and Alcohol Use in California

Wolfe, Ellen; Davis, Thomas B.; Guydish, Joseph; Delucchi, Kevin

doi:10.1038/sj.jp.7211214

Cited by 40 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Prenatal alcohol exposure has been shown to increase mortality rates 91 , and although prenatal cannabinoid exposure may not increase mortality on its own 92 , one study has reported that combined exposure to prenatal cannabis and alcohol led to 100% fetotoxicity in mice and 73% fetotoxicity in rats, which is consistent with our elevated rates of mortality among the combination groups 93 . Moreover, the combination of cannabinoid and ethanol exposure during early postnatal development has been shown to be synergistically neurotoxic 48 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Altered Motor Development Following Late Gestational Alcohol and Cannabinoid Exposure in Rats

Breit

Zamudio

Thomas

2019

Preprint

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Cannabis is the most commonly used illicit drug among pregnant women, and rates are likely to increase given recent legalization. In addition, half of pregnant women who report consuming cannabis also report drinking alcohol. However, little is known about the consequences of prenatal cannabis alone or combination with alcohol, particularly with cannabis products that are continually increasing in potency of the primary psychoactive constituent in cannabis, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). The current study investigated the effects of early exposure to cannabinoids during the brain growth spurt on early physical and motor development alone (Experiment 1) or in combination with alcohol (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, Sprague-Dawley rat pups were exposed to a cannabinoid receptor agonist (CP-55,940 [CP]; 0.1, 0.25, 0.4 mg/kg/day), the drug vehicle, or a saline control from postnatal days (PD) 4-9. In Experiment 2, rat pups were exposed to CP (0.4 mg/kg/day) or the vehicle, and were additionally intubated with alcohol (11.9% v/v; 5.25 g/kg/day) or received a sham intubation. Subjects in both experiments were tested on a motor development task (PD 12-20) and a motor coordination task during adolescence (PD 30-32). Both developmental cannabinoid and alcohol exposure separately decreased body growth throughout development, and combined exposure exacerbated these effects, although only alcohol exposure induced long-term body weight reductions. Developmental cannabinoid exposure advanced early motor development, whereas alcohol exposure delayed development, and subjects given combined exposure did not differ from controls on some measures. Alcohol exposure impaired motor coordination later in life. In contrast, cannabinoid exposure, by itself did not significantly affect long-term motor coordination, but did exacerbate alcohol-related impairments in motor coordination among females. These results suggest that cannabinoid exposure may not only alter development by itself, but may exacerbate alcohol's teratogenic effects in specific 3 behavioral domains. These findings have important implications not only for individuals affected by prenatal exposure, but also for establishing public policy for women regarding cannabis use during pregnancy.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Altered Motor Development Following Late Gestational Alcohol and Cannabinoid Exposure in Rats

Breit

Zamudio

Thomas

2019

Preprint

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“…Our finding that amphetamine exposure was the most commonly diagnosed substance among Hispanic and white infants but much less frequently observed for black infants aligns with broader population differences in amphetamine use. 26 -28 We also found that the distribution of substances documented for California infants born in 2006 had shifted significantly from earlier birth cohorts, 29 including lower rates of prenatal cocaine use, a finding consistent with more recently published studies on substance use during pregnancy. 30 -32 Third, as hypothesized, we found no evidence that black or Hispanic infants with diagnosed prenatal substance exposure were more likely to be reported to CPS than white infants after adjustment for other covariates.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Our study benefits from access to linked individual-level records, which significantly strengthen the conclusions that can be drawn. 34,35 and substance exposure, 29,36 findings must be interpreted cautiously.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal Substance Exposure and Reporting of Child Maltreatment by Race and Ethnicity

2016

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“…Its is due to the fact that there is consistent evidence in the scientific literature that this behavior may cause complications to the unborn baby 1 and the mother. 2 This is particularly true for the use of cocaine. On the other hand, follow-up studies show that prenatal exposure to marijuana is associated with injury of the prefrontal region of the brain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Teenage pregnancy: use of drugs in the third trimester and prevalence of psychiatric disorders

Mitsuhiro

Chalem

Barros

et al. 2006

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

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A b s t r a c t Objective: To determine the prevalence of psychiatric disorders during pregnancy, the prevalence of cocaine and marijuana use during the third trimester of gestation and the socio-demographic characteristics of a population of low-income teenagers. Method: One thousand pregnant teenagers were evaluated using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, and a sociodemographic and socio-economic questionnaire at the obstetric center of a public hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. Hair sample was collected for analysis. Results: Of the 1000 pregnant teenagers interviewed, 53.6% were poor, 90.4% were unemployed, 92.5% were financially dependant and 60.2% dropped out of school. Those using drugs during the third trimester of pregnancy were equal to 6% (marijuana: 4%, cocaine: 1.7%, both: 0.3%). Those having at least one psychiatric disorder equaled 27.6%. The most frequent diagnoses were depression (12.9%), posttraumatic stress disorder (10.0%) and anxiety disorders (5.6%). Discussion: Unstructured families, dropping out of school, unemployment and a low level of professional training are all contributing factors to the maintenance of an unfavorable socio-economic environment in which there is a high prevalence of cocaine and marijuana use during the third trimester of pregnancy and an abnormally high incidence of psychiatric disorders.Keywords: Pregnancy in adolescence; Substance-related disorders; Mental disorders; Psychosis substance-induced; Perinatal mortality (Public Health) Resumo Objetivo: Determinar, em adolescentes de baixa renda, a prevalência de transtornos psiquiátricos durante a gravidez, a prevalência de uso de cocaína e maconha no terceiro trimestre de gestação e descrever suas características sociodemográficas. Método: Mil adolescentes grávidas foram avaliadas por meio do Composite International Diagnostic Interview e de um questionário sociodemográfico e socioeconômico no centro obstétrico de um hospital público de São Paulo. Dessas, foi colhida amostra para análise de fios de cabelo. Resultados: Das mil pacientes entrevistadas, 53,6% têm baixa renda, 60,2% abandonaram a escola, 90,4% estão desempregadas e 92,5% são financeiramente dependentes, 6% usaram drogas durante o terceiro trimestre da gravidez (maconha: 4%, cocaína: 1,7%, ambos: 0,3%) e 27,6% tiveram ao menos um transtorno psiquiátrico. Os diagnósticos mais freqüentes foram: depressão (12,9%), transtorno de estresse pós-traumático (10,0%) e ansiedade (5,6%). Discussão: Famílias desestruturadas, evasão escolar, desemprego e baixa capacitação profissional são fatores que contribuem para a manutenção desta situação socioeconômica desfavorável, cenário no qual são elementos importantes a alta prevalência de uso de cocaína e maconha no 3º trimestre da gravidez e de transtornos psiquiátricos.Descritores: Gravidez na adolescência; Transtornos relacionados ao uso de substâncias; Transtornos mentais; Psicoses induzidas por substâncias; Mortalidade perinatal (Saúde Pública)

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Mortality Risk Associated with Perinatal Drug and Alcohol Use in California

Cited by 40 publications

References 32 publications

Altered Motor Development Following Late Gestational Alcohol and Cannabinoid Exposure in Rats

Altered Motor Development Following Late Gestational Alcohol and Cannabinoid Exposure in Rats

Prenatal Substance Exposure and Reporting of Child Maltreatment by Race and Ethnicity

Teenage pregnancy: use of drugs in the third trimester and prevalence of psychiatric disorders

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