Mortality trends in a southern Appalachian red spruce population

Busing, Richard T.; Pauley, Eric F.

doi:10.1016/0378-1127(94)90125-2

Cited by 26 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…However, to get the threefold increase in standing dead spruce observed by Silver et al (1991Silver et al ( ) from 1982Silver et al ( to 1987 at their Whiteface site, spruce mortality would have had to be a least 5%·year -1 . The current mortality rate at Baldwin is comparable with the mortality rates reported for a stable red spruce population (i.e., nondeclining) in an oldgrowth forest in the southern Appalachians (Busing and Pauley 1994). Growth rates in the Baldwin population have also rallied to the point where red spruce was the fastest growing species in the canopy during the decade 1987-1997 (Table 5).…”

Section: Forestwide Implications Of Spruce Declinesupporting

confidence: 65%

Community and population dynamics of sprucefir forests on Whiteface Mountain, New York: recent trends, 19852000

Fahey¹,

Siccama²,

Johnson³

2003

Can. J. For. Res.

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We remeasured two sets of permanent plots in old-growth, spruce-fir forests on Whiteface Mountain to quantify ongoing vegetation dynamics at sites impacted by spruce decline. One set of plots was a stratified random sample of the vegetation in a subalpine watershed (Baldwin site). The other was selected to represent forest conditions in a high-elevation subset of the spruce-fir forest (Esther site). Between 1987 and 1997, there was a significant increase in aboveground tree biomass at Baldwin with the majority of the increment due to the growth of canopy-sized trees. This growth occurred with little change in either species composition or size structure. The annual mortality rate of 1.2%·year -1 for canopy-sized red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) in Baldwin almost matched the recruitment rate of 1.4 stems/ha per year. In addition, the relative growth rate of spruce was significantly faster than associated species. In contrast, spruce trees in Esther died at a rate of the 3.6%·year -1 (1985)(1986)(1987)(1988)(1989)(1990)(1991)(1992)(1993)(1994)(1995), and survivors grew more slowly than other species. The most obvious communitylevel trend at Esther (1985Esther ( -2000 was an increase in overall tree density with most of this increase due to ingrowth of small trees. The demography of the spruce population at Baldwin suggests that the decline is over for at least this population. Abstract: We remeasured two sets of permanent plots in old-growth, spruce-fir forests on Whiteface Mountain to quantify ongoing vegetation dynamics at sites impacted by spruce decline. One set of plots was a stratified random sample of the vegetation in a subalpine watershed (Baldwin site). The other was selected to represent forest conditions in a high-elevation subset of the spruce-fir forest (Esther site). Between 1987 and 1997, there was a significant increase in aboveground tree biomass at Baldwin with the majority of the increment due to the growth of canopy-sized trees. This growth occurred with little change in either species composition or size structure. The annual mortality rate of 1.2%·year-1 for canopy-sized red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) in Baldwin almost matched the recruitment rate of 1.4 stems/ha per year. In addition, the relative growth rate of spruce was significantly faster than associated species. In contrast, spruce trees in Esther died at a rate of the 3.6%·year -1 (1985)(1986)(1987)(1988)(1989)(1990)(1991)(1992)(1993)(1994)(1995), and survivors grew more slowly than other species. The most obvious community-level trend at Esther (1985Esther ( -2000 was an increase in overall tree density with most of this increase due to ingrowth of small trees. The demography of the spruce population at Baldwin suggests that the decline is over for at least this population.Résumé : Nous avons remesuré deux groupes de parcelles permanentes dans de vieilles forêts de sapin et épinette du mont Whiteface pour quantifier la dynamique actuelle de la végétation dans des stations affectées par le dépérissement de l'épinette. Un prem...

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Section: Forestwide Implications Of Spruce Declinesupporting

confidence: 65%

Community and population dynamics of sprucefir forests on Whiteface Mountain, New York: recent trends, 19852000

Fahey¹,

Siccama²,

Johnson³

2003

Can. J. For. Res.

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“…has totally altered forest plant communities in these forest ecosystems (Jenkins 2003;Eschtruth et al 2006;Weckel et al 2006). Busing and Pauley (1994) showed that the loss of Fraser fir due to A. piceae has increased wind exposure and, consequently, mortality of remaining canopy trees, in particular red spruce, Picea rubens Sarg.…”

Section: Indirect Effects On Native Plant Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological effects of invasive alien insects

Kenis

Auger‐Rozenberg²,

Roques³

et al. 2008

Biol Invasions

636

392

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A literature survey identified 403 primary research publications that investigated the ecological effects of invasive alien insects and/or the mechanisms underlying these effects. The majority of these studies were published in the last 8 years and nearly two-thirds were carried out in North America. These publications concerned 72 invasive insect species, of which two ant species, Solenopsis invicta and Linepithema humile, accounted for 18% and 14% of the studies, respectively. Most publications investigated effects on native biodiversity at population or community level. Genetic effects and, to a lesser extent, effects on ecosystem services and processes were rarely explored. We review the effects caused by different insect invaders according to: their ecosystem roles, i.e. herbivores, predators, parasites, parasitoids and pollinators; the level of biological organisation at which they occur; and the direct and indirect mechanisms underlying these effects. The best documented effects occur in invasive ants, Eurasian forest herbivores invasive in North America, and honeybees. Impacts may occur through simple trophic interactions such as herbivory, predation or parasitism. Alien species may also affect native species and communities through more complex mechanisms such as competition for resources, disease transmission, apparent competition, or pollination disruption, among others. Finally, some invasive insects, particularly forest herbivores and ants, are known to affect ecosystem processes through cascading effects. We identify biases and gaps in our knowledge of ecological effects of invasive insects and suggest further opportunities for research.

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“…These declines were largely attributed to BWA infestation [14,15], but many other factors may have played a prominent role in increasing the damage. Secondary impacts occurred as red spruce started showing signs of damage and decline in the Southern Appalachians [16][17][18]. Atmospheric deposition and climate change are suggested to have had a large amplifying role in forest decline and mortality [19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forest Response to the US 1990 Clean Air Act: The Southern Spruce-Fir Ecosystem

Banks¹

2014

AJPS

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Mortality trends in a southern Appalachian red spruce population

Cited by 26 publications

References 17 publications

Community and population dynamics of sprucefir forests on Whiteface Mountain, New York: recent trends, 19852000

Community and population dynamics of sprucefir forests on Whiteface Mountain, New York: recent trends, 19852000

Ecological effects of invasive alien insects

Forest Response to the US 1990 Clean Air Act: The Southern Spruce-Fir Ecosystem

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Mortality trends in a southern Appalachian red spruce population

Cited by 26 publications

References 17 publications

Community and population dynamics of sprucefir forests on Whiteface Mountain, New York: recent trends, 19852000

Community and population dynamics of sprucefir forests on Whiteface Mountain, New York: recent trends, 19852000

Ecological effects of invasive alien insects

Forest Response to the US 1990 Clean Air Act: The Southern Spruce-Fir Ecosystem

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Product

Resources

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Community and population dynamics of sprucefir forests on Whiteface Mountain, New York: recent trends, 19852000

Community and population dynamics of sprucefir forests on Whiteface Mountain, New York: recent trends, 19852000