Mortality Trends of Multiple Sclerosis in Spain, 1951–1997: An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis

Llorca, Javier; Guerrero-Alonso, Paula; Prieto-Salceda, Dolores

doi:10.1159/000083000

Cited by 19 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Preliminary APC analyses [12] , and analyses using a similar APC approach, which have been carried out with Swedish data [9] , and also with Spanish data [10] , have yielded similar results. Analyses using a descriptive approach [8] or regional data [11] have been less conclusive.…”

Section: Multiple Sclerosismentioning

confidence: 77%

“…We appreciated the comparative approach and took the opportunity to shed light on these three neurological diseases with a contemporary statistical analysis. In MS, the APC approach has been applied to Swedish data [9] , Spanish data [10] , regional Norwegian data [11] , and a preliminary Swiss study [12] , mostly providing evidence for birth cohort effects. To the best of our knowledge, no APC studies have been published with regard to ALS and to PD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, if for some reason the change did not take place for all age groups in parallel [10] , new age profiles might have emerged which mimic birth cohort effects. Accordingly, we implemented a nested approach in APC analysis to account for changing age profiles over the 20th century.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Birth Cohort Effects in Neurological Diseases: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Parkinson’s Disease and Multiple Sclerosis

et al. 2012

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Background: Generational differences in disease rates are the main subject of age-period-cohort (APC) analysis, which is mostly applied in cancer and suicide research. This study applied APC analysis to selected neurological diseases: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson’s disease (PD) and multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: The analyses were based on Swiss mortality data. Age-stratified data has been available for MS, PD and ALS since 1901, 1921, and 1942, respectively. APC analysis was performed within the framework of logit models. Main effect models were extended by implementing nested effects, i.e. age effects nested in subperiods, in order to account for the fact that age profiles may change for reasons other than generational influences. Results: In preliminary analyses, APC analysis yielded noteworthy birth cohort effects in all three diseases. After implementing nested effects, the birth cohort effects disappeared in ALS, and smoothed out in PD, where they were greater for the generations born before the 1920s. In MS, the birth cohort effects remained stable, and exhibited a peak in cohorts born in the 1910s and 1920s. Conclusions: APC analysis yielded some evidence for birth cohort effects, i.e. predisposing risk factors that may change in historical terms, in MS and PD, but probably not in ALS.

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Section: Multiple Sclerosismentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Birth Cohort Effects in Neurological Diseases: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Parkinson’s Disease and Multiple Sclerosis

et al. 2012

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“…Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and degenerative disease of the central nervous system that disproportionately affects whites and is associated with high morbidity and early mortality [1-5]. Other racial/ethnic minorities, including blacks, Hispanics and Asians, are also at risk of developing MS, although reported to have lower incidence rates in the United States [6, 7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Sclerosis Mortality by Race/Ethnicity, Age, Sex, and Time Period in the United States, 1999–2015

et al. 2018

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Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) carries high morbidity and shortens life span. While there is recent recognition of other US minority populations such as blacks and Hispanics being affected with MS, examination of MS-specific mortality trends by race/ethnicity has been lacking. Objective: To investigate MS mortality rates and trends in the United States by sex, age, and race/ethnicity. Methods: We used the Compressed Mortality data file for 1999–2015 in the Wide-ranging online Data for Epidemiological Research system developed by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention to calculate the age-adjusted (US 2000 standard population) and age-specific MS mortality rate (per 100,000) by race/ethnicity and sex over time. Five mutually exclusive racial/ethnic groups were included in the analysis: non-Hispanic (NH) white, NH black, NH Asian or Pacific Islander (API), NH American Indian or Alaska Native, and Hispanic. Results: The average annual age-adjusted MS mortality rate was highest among NH whites (0.90 for males and 1.50 for females) immediately followed by NH blacks (0.75 for males and 1.42 for females), and lowest among APIs (0.05 for males and 0.12 for females). Statistically significant, increasing trend in age-adjusted MS mortality was observed during 1999–2015 among NH whites and NH blacks regardless of sex, more substantially in the latter. Age-specific MS mortality patterns showed NH blacks had the highest rate under age 55 and NH whites had the highest rate after that age point. For these 2 groups, MS mortality increased with age in both sexes and peaked at ages 55–64 for NH blacks and 65–74 for NH whites before declining substantially, while for Hispanic and API groups the risk plateaued after age 55. Conclusion: MS-specific mortality trends demonstrate distinctive differences by race/ethnicity and age. The observations that whites and females are more likely to die from MS is in line with the overall understanding that these groups are affected more by MS. However, the findings of blacks dying at an earlier age and having more substantially increasing mortality trends than whites suggest that MS burden weighs unequally by race. Further investigation into these trends may provide additional evidence into risk or protective factors within each group.

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“…Nationally and regionally acquired mortality statistics collected through the use of death certificates are the most widely available source of data and are commonly used to study temporal patterns of disease,4 – 8 document common causes of terminal comorbidity and to estimate prevalence data for allocation of healthcare resources 9. However, patients with MS may die either from the direct effect of the disease, or unrelated causes; the majority of studies reporting approximately 60–70% of deaths being attributable to the disease itself or its complications 10 – 17.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival and cause of death in multiple sclerosis: a prospective population-based study

Hirst

Swingler

Compston

et al. 2008

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

122

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Mortality Trends of Multiple Sclerosis in Spain, 1951–1997: An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis

Cited by 19 publications

References 32 publications

Birth Cohort Effects in Neurological Diseases: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Parkinson’s Disease and Multiple Sclerosis

Birth Cohort Effects in Neurological Diseases: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Parkinson’s Disease and Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple Sclerosis Mortality by Race/Ethnicity, Age, Sex, and Time Period in the United States, 1999–2015

Survival and cause of death in multiple sclerosis: a prospective population-based study

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