MoS₂Nanosheet-Modified NiO Layers on a Conducting Carbon Paper for Glucose Sensing

Abstract

In this research, we demonstrate a disposable carbon-based paper electrode with engineered surfaces that is capable of detecting glucose in an alkaline medium at concentrations down to 10 μM. The sensitive electrode is fabricated by introducing a hydrothermally synthesized nickel oxide (NiO) layer on a carbon paper electrode, followed by the growth of nanostructured molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) by pulsed laser deposition on the NiO layer. The surface modification was investigated using transmission electron microscopy and micro-Raman spectroscopy. The electrocatalytic activity of the fabricated electrodes was investigated in presence of a low concentration (0.1 mM) of an alkaline solution of sodium hydroxide. The catalytic enhancement of a NiO−MoS 2 hybrid electrode is attributed to the edge sites and defects associated with MoS 2 nanostructures responsible for creating a highly reactive environment. This system dissociates a water molecule into OH − and H + species. H + continues to diffuse on the MoS 2 surface, simultaneously modifying it due to its quantum nature. On the addition of glucose molecules into the electrolyte, an oxidation reaction takes place at the surface of the electrode, realizing an enzyme-free glucose sensor. Simulations are carried out via a thin-film-based electrochemical sensor model to better understand the trends in the experimental results. These results indicate a new route to detect glucose at low concentrations and with high sensitivity.

An amphiprotic paper-based electrode for glucose detection based on layered carbon nanotubes with silver and polystyrene particles

“…In the process, the fabricated organic composite electrodes were prone to breaking due to their fragileness. 39 Also, the sensitivity and detection limit of available paper electrodes to glucose 1,[40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48] still need to be further improved.…”

“…This phenomenon indicated that the hydrophilic side of the paper electrode was critical to the glucose detection, in agreement with the previous reports. [40][41][42][43][46][47][48]76,77 Possible reasons could be ascribed to the fact that glucose is a polar molecule and has more tendency to adsorb on the hydrophilic back side of the electrode relative to the hydrophobic front side. When the hydrophilic side was shielded with hydrophobic adhesive tape, the possibility of adsorbing glucose on the electrode became low, thus leading to a poor electrochemical performance.…”

“…Upon the successive addition of glucose, the fabricated electrode exhibited a rapid and sensitive response, and 98% steady state 1), the detection limit and sensitivity of CNT-NH 2 -Ag/PS-based electrode were indeed superior to most of them. 1,[40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48]76,79,80 The higher sensitivity of the fabricated electrode could be attributed to the unique hydrophobic/hydrophilic properties and interactions between Ag and amino groups bonded on the surface of CNTs. This enabled a fast adsorption of glucose on the surface of the paper substrate and direct conduction of electrons between glucose and the CNT-NH 2 -Ag/PS electrode.…”

Property Comparison of Transition‐Metal Dichalcogenides (MoS2, MoSe2 and MoTe2) and Their Applicability as Electrochemical Biosensors for Glucose Detection

“…Electrochemical biosensors have been considered as a particularly promising class owing to their exceptional performances include high sensitivity and selectivity, rapid response, low cost, simple instrumentation, easy miniaturization and good quantitative ability. [12][13][14][15] In particular, nanomaterials with unique electronic, catalytic properties, good stability and large specific surface area play key roles. [16,17] TMDs are good candidates of them ascribed to their outstanding physical and chemical properties.…”

Nanometer-Thick Mn:NiO and Co:NiO Films for High Performance Nonenzymatic Biosensors

“…Although studies showed that emergent materials could show enough sensitivity to glucose, there is an increasing interest in the fabrication of low-cost electrodes using transition metals such as copper , and nickel and transition metal oxides such as copper oxide, titanium oxide, nickel oxide, − and cobalt oxide to construct nonenzymatic glucose biosensors. The properties of nonenzymatic sensors such as sensitivity, detection limit, response time, selectivity, and stability highly depend on the types and morphology of the materials. − The performance of the nonenzymatic sensors may be increased using different nanostructures like Pt–Pb alloy, Pt–Au alloy, Pt/Au surface, Ag–Pt core–shell NWs, Ni–Cu alloy, and Pt–Ag/Cu alloy .…”