Mosaic Red Phosphorus/MoS₂ Hybrid as an Anode to Boost Potassium‐Ion Storage

Abstract

Low‐cost, non‐toxic, and abundant red phosphorus (RP) with high gravimetric discharge/charge capacity has been recognized as a promising anode candidate for potassium‐ion batteries (KIBs). However, the large volumetric change, severe agglomeration, and rapid capacity attenuation during discharge/charge cycles are major obstacles for practical applications in potassium‐ion storage. In order to eliminate such intrinsic deficiencies, a mosaic RP/MoS2 hybrid is designed and prepared by using a simple ball‐milling method and subsequently used as an anode for KIBs. The hybrid with a certain ratio of 2 : 1 can achieve a sustainable K+ storage capability (246.6/239.6 mAh g−1 for 100 cycles at 50 mA g−1), considerable long‐cycle performance (120.5/118.0 mAh g−1 at 1000 mA g−1 after 500 cycles), and good rate capability. The cycling performance is attributed to a pseudocapacitive effect, controllable interlayer spacing of MoS2, and enhanced conductivity. In view of the scalable synthesis process and considerable cycling durability, the RP/MoS2 hybrid may shed light on the rational design of novel anode alternatives for KIBs.

Bottom‐Up Synthesis of MoS2/CNTs Hollow Polyhedron with 1T/2H Hybrid Phase for Superior Potassium‐Ion Storage

“…The above results indicate that the 1T/2H-MoS 2 /NCNHP electrode possesses a superior K-ion storage property, which is not only better than the contrast samples but also comparable to the most recently reported MoS 2 anode materials at various current densities (Figure 5g). [1,2,[18][19][20]24,27] To explore the kinetics of the 1T/2H-MoS 2 /NCNHP electrode, CV measurement was applied at various scan rates ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 mV s −1 . All the curves show similar shapes under different scan rates (Figure 6a).…”

“…f) Cyclic stability of 1T/2H‐MoS 2 /NCNHP at 1.0 A g −1 (insets: the morphology of 1T/2H‐MoS 2 /NCNHP after 500 cycles). g) The potassium storage properties of the recently reported MoS 2 anode materials at various current densities (MoS 2 @rGO, [ 1 ] MoS 2 /N‐Doped‐C, [ 2 ] MoS 2 @HPCS, [ 27 ] MoS 2 /C@NDG, [ 24 ] red phosphorus/MoS 2, [ 19 ] MoS 2 @rGO‐nanoenergy, [ 18 ] and Co 9 S 8 /NSC@MoS 2 @NSC [ 20 ] ).…”

“…The above results indicate that the 1T/2H‐MoS 2 /NCNHP electrode possesses a superior K‐ion storage property, which is not only better than the contrast samples but also comparable to the most recently reported MoS 2 anode materials at various current densities (Figure 5g). [ 1,2,18–20,24,27 ]…”

“…In this regard, various strategies have been proposed to enhance the K-ions storage performance of MoS 2 , such as 1) defect and interlayer engineering to exploit the large van der Waals gaps; [13][14][15] 2) surface modification by using other nanomaterials (reduced graphene oxide sheets, SnO 2 , carbonaceous materials, etc.) as spacers to prevent restacking and expand interlayer distance; [1,2,11,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22] 3) coupling with conductive materials to improve electrical conductivity; [18,23,24] 4) porous or hollow structure design to inhibit the agglomeration of MoS 2 nanosheets and buffer volume variation during the long-time charge and discharge process. [4,11,20,23,[25][26][27] For example, Lei and co-workers reported that MoS 2 nanoflowers with expanded interlayer spacing and defects show enhanced K-storage performance compared to the defect-free counterpart.…”

State-of-the-art anodes of potassium-ion batteries: synthesis, chemistry, and applications

“…RP was also incorporated with MoS 2 to form a promising mosaic RP/MoS 2 hybrid, as reported by Hou's group. 106 After homogeneous mixing, commercial RP and bulk MoS 2 powder were transferred and vigorously milled in a stainless steel jar. Taking advantage of the high-energy shear force, a large particle size was decreased and a mosaic hybrid was formed, presenting an RP-embedded architecture with a rough surface and abundant microchannels ( Fig.…”