Mosaic stunting in bareroot Pinus banksiana seedlings is unrelated to colonization by mycorrhizal fungi

Potvin, Lynette R.; Jürgensen, Martin F.; Dumroese, R. Kasten; Richter, Dana L.; Page‐Dumroese, Deborah S.

doi:10.1007/s11056-014-9438-4

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 33 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…These differences in glacial succession may have altered the genetic structure between jack pine found in central and northwest regions of Wisconsin, resulting in differences in seedling establishment. In addition to having poorer establishment, seedlings from the central seed lots in this study also had somewhat lower P and K concentrations than those reported in Potvin et al (2014) and Zhang et al (2015). The observed differences in seedling establishment between two different regions may be of interest to land managers when considering what seed to use for the restoration or management of jack pine barrens (if the land manager chooses to reseed after the prescribed fire).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 64%

“…The 10-fold significant increase in available P and increase in NH 4 + -N in the laboratory-burn soil are consistent with the observation that high-temperature burns often generate ash that is rich in plant-available nutrients (Gray and Dighton, 2006;Bodí et al, 2014), and suggest an explanation for the observed increase in biomass in the laboratory-burned soils. A previous study of 2-yr-old jack pine seedling tissues found similar macronutrient and micronutrient values in healthy seedlings (Potvin et al, 2014), as did a study that analyzed 1-yr-old jack pine needles (Zhang et al, 2015). Thus, increased nutrient availability in the laboratory-burned O-horizon soil (in particular, P) may have resulted in greater nutrient uptake, as total amount of N, P, K, and other nutrients were higher in plants grown in laboratoryburned soils (due to increased total biomass, not greater concentration in the plant tissues [Table 3; Supplemental Table S3]).…”

Section: Jack Pine Produces More Biomass In Laboratory-burned Than Prmentioning

confidence: 78%

See 1 more Smart Citation

High‐Severity Burning Increases Jack Pine Seedling Biomass Relative to Low‐Severity Prescribed Fires

Kranz

Whitman

2019

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Core Ideas Prescribed fire did not affect jack pine seed germination or seedling establishment. Severely burned soil had 10‐fold the available P and significantly lower organic matter and higher pH. Jack pine seedlings produced about twice as much biomass in severely burned soil. Regional genetic differences in jack pine may alter seedling establishment. Within the state of Wisconsin, there is a gradient of serotiny in Pinus banksiana Lamb. (jack pine). With prescribed burning becoming more common in Wisconsin, understanding the dynamic and variable effects of burning on soil properties and their interactions with post‐fire plant communities is critical. Our objective was to isolate and examine how fire effects on soil properties affect P. banksiana seed germination and seedling growth and establishment. We investigated these effects in two pot experiments and an intact paired core experiment, maintained in a greenhouse for 19 to 24 wk. Soils from the O and A horizons were collected from Coon Fork Barrens, Eau Claire County, WI, before and after a prescribed fire, and O horizon soil was burned in the laboratory to mimic a high‐severity wildfire. In the intact core experiment, seed germination and seedling aboveground mass were not affected by prescribed burning. In the pot experiments, jack pine seedlings produced more biomass in laboratory‐burned soils than prescribed‐burned soils, and seedlings from northwest seed lots consistently had a higher frequency of establishment compared to those from central seed lots. For the low‐severity prescribed fire considered in this study, effects on measured soil properties were minimal, and did not result in any improvement to seedling establishment. For soil properties to play an important role in promoting jack pine seedling growth, hotter fires may be required, while lower‐severity fires will require other effects‐ such as seed release, changes to moisture dynamics, or competition‐ to affect jack pine germination and establishment.

show abstract

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 64%

Section: Jack Pine Produces More Biomass In Laboratory-burned Than Prmentioning

confidence: 78%

High‐Severity Burning Increases Jack Pine Seedling Biomass Relative to Low‐Severity Prescribed Fires

Kranz

Whitman

2019

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The "no S test" school believes foliar S tests are expensive and are not a worthwhile investment (Radwan and Brix 1986). They typically analyze foliage for all macronutrients except S (Madgwick 1964;McKee 1978;Mitchell et al 1980;Donald and Young 1982;Weetman and Wells 1990;Ericsson 1994;Hans 2013;Potvin et al 2014;Hachani et al 2020). Since foliar values corresponding to a S-deficiency in nonfertilized forests likely did not exist (Ingestad 1962), some saw no need to analyze foliage for S. Often S fertilization was assumed to not affect growth and nutrient uptake of seedlings (McKee 1978).…”

Section: Tissue Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of sulphur in bareroot pine and hardwood nurseries

South

2023

REFOR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

During the 20th century, managers at sandy nurseries utilized sulphur (S) to lower soil pH and mitigate the risk of iron deficiency. During that time, however, applying S as a fertilizer was a rare event. At many nurseries, S in rain and irrigation water was sufficient to avoid visual deficiency symptoms. The S status of soil and foliage was typically unknown, and many researchers did not test for S due to the additional cost. Consequently, S became the most neglected macronutrient. While a few nursery trials demonstrated that elemental S reduced damping-off and increased height growth, a majority showed no benefit after applying S at rates lower than 100 kg ha-1. Even so, by 1980, S-deficiencies occurred at bareroot nurseries in Alabama, Oklahoma, Virginia, Wisconsin, the United Kingdom, and likely in North Dakota and New York. The risk of a deficiency increases when N-only fertilizers are applied to seedbeds. Due to research, experience and the precautionary principle, several managers transitioned to using ammonium sulfate instead of, less expensive, N-only nitrogen fertilizers. After soil tests became affordable, managers began to ask questions about the need to apply S to seedbeds. Only a few hydroponic trials with small pine seedlings have been used to estimate “threshold” or “critical values” for foliar S. Since an initial 1,500 μg g-1 S value is “unreliable” for pine seedlings, some authors lowered the value to 1,100 μg g-1 and even as low as 500 μg g-1 S. Others ignore all estimates based on total S concentrations and, instead, monitor only foliar SO4 levels.

show abstract

“…When pine needles contain less than 5,000 μg g -1 Ca (Table 5), seedlings do not show toxicity symptoms. However, stunted seedlings may result when the concentration in foliage exceeds 6,500 μg g -1 Ca (van Lear and Smith 1972;Carter 1987;Landis 1988;Potvin et al 2014;Hachani et al 2020; Figure 4). Occasionally pine foliage exceeds 9,000 μg g -1 Ca (Table 5).…”

Section: Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of calcium in bareroot pine nurseries

South

2022

REFOR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bareroot nursery managers may apply dolomite, gypsum, or Ca-nitrate to increase Ca in nursery soils. Although a few managers follow S.A. Wilde’s recommendations and maintain soil at levels of 500 to 1,000 μg g-1 Ca, there is no need to keep Ca levels this high. In contrast, managers at sandy nurseries apply Ca when soil tests drop below 200 μg g-1 Ca. In fact, acceptable pine seedlings have been produced in irrigated soil with <100 μg g-1 available Ca. In plantations, asymptomatic wildlings grow when topsoil contains 17 μg g-1 Ca. In sandy soils, applying too much gypsum can result in a temporary Mg deficiency and too much lime will result in chlorotic needles. Managers apply Ca when foliar levels fall below a published “critical value.” The belief that the critical value for Ca varies by stock type is not valid. In fact, numerous “critical” values are invalid since they were not determined using growth response curves. Critical values determined for small seedlings using CaCl2 in sand are apparently not valid for use in bareroot nurseries. At bareroot nurseries, the soil extractable Ca level can decline during a year by 30 μg g-1 or more. Harvesting 1.7 million pine seedlings may remove 20 kg ha-1 of Ca but irrigation can replace this amount or more. When water contains 5 mg l-1 Ca, 600 mm of irrigation will add 30 kg ha-1 Ca. In some areas, 1,000 mm of rainfall will supply 7 kg ha-1 Ca. Even when a Mehlich 1 test shows no exchangeable Ca in the topsoil, pine needles on tall trees may exceed 2,000 μg g-1 Ca due to root growth in subsoil. There are few documented cases of deficient pine needles (<300 μg g-1 Ca) in irrigated nurseries in Australia, New Zealand, Scotland and in the Americas. Even when soil fumigation delays the inoculation of ectomycorrhiza, bareroot pines have adequate levels of Ca. Typically, foliage samples from pine nurseries contain at least 1,000 μg g-1 Ca. Samples from 9-month-old seedlings range from 300 to 11,000 μg g-1 Ca. Although the “critical value” for Pinus echinata foliage is not known, 1-0 seedlings with 300 μg g-1 Ca were not stunted and apparently grew well after ouplanting.

show abstract

Mosaic stunting in bareroot Pinus banksiana seedlings is unrelated to colonization by mycorrhizal fungi

Cited by 4 publications

References 33 publications

High‐Severity Burning Increases Jack Pine Seedling Biomass Relative to Low‐Severity Prescribed Fires

High‐Severity Burning Increases Jack Pine Seedling Biomass Relative to Low‐Severity Prescribed Fires

Use of sulphur in bareroot pine and hardwood nurseries

Use of calcium in bareroot pine nurseries

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About