“…Muslim self-organisation around mosque associations, mergers of communities into umbrella organisations and conflicts around these places of worship have been documented several times by previous studies and papers (see e.g., Lemmen, 2000;Beinhauer-Köhler and Leggewie, 2009;Halm et al, 2012;Alkin, Bayrak and Ceylan, 2021; for mosque conflicts, see especially Schmitt, 2003;Hohage, 2013;Almila Akca, 2020). Less research has been done, however, on how the functions of mosques have extended to include social services (Ceylan, 2008(Ceylan, , 2021Bayrak 2021).…”