Mosquito-Borne Diseases and Their Control Strategies: An Overview Focused on Green Synthesized Plant-Based Metallic Nanoparticles

Abstract

Mosquitoes act as vectors of pathogens that cause most life-threatening diseases, such as malaria, Dengue, Chikungunya, Yellow fever, Zika, West Nile, Lymphatic filariasis, etc. To reduce the transmission of these mosquito-borne diseases in humans, several chemical, biological, mechanical, and pharmaceutical methods of control are used. However, these different strategies are facing important and timely challenges that include the rapid spread of highly invasive mosquitoes worldwide, the development of resistance in several mosquito species, and the recent outbreaks of novel arthropod-borne viruses (e.g., Dengue, Rift Valley fever, tick-borne encephalitis, West Nile, yellow fever, etc.). Therefore, the development of novel and effective methods of control is urgently needed to manage mosquito vectors. Adapting the principles of nanobiotechnology to mosquito vector control is one of the current approaches. As a single-step, eco-friendly, and biodegradable method that does not require the use of toxic chemicals, the green synthesis of nanoparticles using active toxic agents from plant extracts available since ancient times exhibits antagonistic responses and broad-spectrum target-specific activities against different species of vector mosquitoes. In this article, the current state of knowledge on the different mosquito control strategies in general, and on repellent and mosquitocidal plant-mediated synthesis of nanoparticles in particular, has been reviewed. By doing so, this review may open new doors for research on mosquito-borne diseases.

Effective Preventative Measures are Essential to Lower Disease Burden From Dengue and COVID-19 Co-infection in Bangladesh

“…However, after conducting adequate research, it may be possible to use Green Synthesized Plant-Based Metallic Nanoparticles as a potential method in the management of dengue. 35 Biological control strategies, such as the field release of genetically modified mosquito species, bacteria (Wolbachia spp, Asaia spp), bacterial agents like Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis (Bti), predatory fish (Gambusia affinnis and Poecilia reticulata), protozoans (Chilodonella uncinata), fungi (Beauveria bassiana), insect growth regulators (IGRs), biopesticide spinosad and mechanical control techniques like eave tubes and attractive sugar baits, can all be used to effectively control the dengue epidemic in Bangladesh after thorough investigations. 35 It might be possible to develop unique, innovative approaches, such a combination of COVID-19-resistant hand sanitizers and insect repellents that are efficient against arboviral diseases like dengue, which would ultimately provide protection from both infections.…”

Assessment of the chemical profile and potential biocontrol of Amphora coffeaeformis against foodborne pathogens and Culex pipiens L. to ensure food safety

“…Spreading foodborne pathogens and mosquito‐borne diseases is one of the major worldwide threats to food safety, human health and the economy. Foodborne illness occurs when a pathogen or its toxin is consumed in pathogen‐contaminated food (Onen et al, 2023). Pathogenic bacteria, or mycotoxigenic fungi, along with viruses and parasites, represent one of the most important foodborne pathogens that cause many diseases in humans through contaminated food (Abebe et al, 2020; Sharif et al, 2018).…”

Evaluating the mosquito vector range for two orthobunyaviruses: Oya virus and Ebinur Lake virus

“…Mosquitoes are important vectors, carrying and transmitting a wide range of pathogens, including arboviruses primarily from the families Peribunyaviridae , Togaviridae , Flaviviridae , Phenuiviridae , and Reoviridae [ 1 ], as well as various types of parasites [ 2 ].…”