Mosquito coil exposure associated with small cell lung cancer: A report of three cases

Zhang, Jie; Qi, Hao; Sun, Yuping; Xie, Huikang; Zhou, Caicun

doi:10.3892/ol.2015.2922

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…An in vitro study by Szeto et al confirmed the finding, as they discovered that insect repellents (i.e., incense burning) could cause degradation of the DNA strands in human lymphocytes [ 97 ]. The indoor air toxins of mosquito coils were also associated with lung cancer incidence [ 98 , 99 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to Particulate PAHs on Potential Genotoxicity and Cancer Risk among School Children Living Near the Petrochemical Industry

Sopian

Jalaludin

Bakar

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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This study aimed to assess the association of exposure to particle-bound (PM2.5) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with potential genotoxicity and cancer risk among children living near the petrochemical industry and comparative populations in Malaysia. PM2.5 samples were collected using a low-volume sampler for 24 h at three primary schools located within 5 km of the industrial area and three comparative schools more than 20 km away from any industrial activity. A gas chromatography–mass spectrometer was used to determine the analysis of 16 United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) priority PAHs. A total of 205 children were randomly selected to assess the DNA damage in buccal cells, employing the comet assay. Total PAHs measured in exposed and comparative schools varied, respectively, from 61.60 to 64.64 ng m−3 and from 5.93 to 35.06 ng m−3. The PAH emission in exposed schools was contributed mainly by traffic and industrial emissions, dependent on the source apportionment. The 95th percentiles of the incremental lifetime cancer risk estimated using Monte Carlo simulation revealed that the inhalation risk for the exposed children and comparative populations was 2.22 × 10−6 and 2.95 × 10−7, respectively. The degree of DNA injury was substantially more severe among the exposed children relative to the comparative community. This study reveals that higher exposure to PAHs increases the risk of genotoxic effects and cancer among children.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to Particulate PAHs on Potential Genotoxicity and Cancer Risk among School Children Living Near the Petrochemical Industry

Sopian

Jalaludin

Bakar

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…The continuous application of mosquito coils has, therefore, raised serious environmental health concerns. For instance, exposure to the smoke produced from burning of mosquito coils has been implicated in lung cancer [ 9 , 10 ]. Shu-Chen et al found out that almost 50% of lung cancer deaths in Taiwan were not associated to cigarette smoking, but suspected that environmental exposure to the smoke from mosquito coil burning may play a role in the development of the disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental health risks and benefits of the use of mosquito coils as malaria prevention and control strategy

Hogarh

Agyekum

Bempah

et al. 2018

Malar J

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BackgroundMalaria is an infectious disease that causes many deaths in sub-Saharan Africa. In resource-poor malaria endemic communities, mosquito coils are commonly applied in households to repel the vector mosquito that transmits malaria parasites. In applying these coils, users have mainly been interested in the environmental health benefits potentially derived from repelling the mosquito, while oblivious of the environmental health risks that may be associated with exposure to emissions from the use of mosquito coil. This study evaluated the effectiveness of the mosquito coil, ascertained and/or estimated the toxic emissions that may emanate from the coil, and determined its overall appropriateness by conducting a risk–benefit analysis of the use of this strategy in malaria prevention at household levels.MethodsThe repellent ability of mosquito coils was tested by conducting a mosquito knockdown/mortality test in experimental chambers synonymous of local room spaces and conditions. The gaseous and particulate emissions from the mosquito coil were also analysed. Additional scenarios were generated with the Monte Carlo technique and a risk–benefit analysis was conducted applying @Risk software.ResultsMosquito mortality arising from the application of various mosquito coils averagely ranged between 24 and 64%, which might not provide adequate repellency effect. Emissions from the mosquito coil were also found to contain CO, VOCs, SO2, NO2, PM2.5 and PM10. The Hazard Index of the respective pollutants characterized over a lifetime exposure scenario was low (< 1 for each pollutant), which suggests that the concentrations of the specific chemicals and particulate matter emitted from the mosquito coil may not constitute adverse environmental health risk.ConclusionAlthough the risk of morbidity from the use of the mosquito coil was low, the coil yielded limited protection as a mosquito avoidance method. It may, therefore, have a reduced benefit in controlling malaria and should be applied sparingly in a highly regulated manner only when traditionally proven effective vector control strategies are not available or too expensive for resource-poor malaria endemic regions.

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“…Reports have indicated that burning mosquito coils can release large amounts of fine particles, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and carbonyl compounds and can have immediate and long-term health effects [ 16 , 17 ]. Burning mosquito coils has been demonstrated to have a strong positive association with respiratory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer [ 18 – 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Household inhalants exposure and nasopharyngeal carcinoma risk: a large-scale case-control study in Guangdong, China

Xue

Shen

et al. 2015

BMC Cancer

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BackgroundEpidemiological studies show that cigarette smoking increase the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), however, whether other common, potentially adverse household inhalants increase NPC risk remains uncertain.MethodsWe conducted a large case-control study to explore the effects of household inhalants, such as incense, mosquito coil, cooking fumes, and wood combustion, on NPC risk. We recruited 1,845 cases and 2,275 controls from Guangdong province, a high-risk area for NPC in China, to obtain the demographic data and relevant exposure information through face-to-face interviews.ResultsWe found that incense burning was associated with NPC risk by comparing frequent incense use with never using incense [OR and 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 1.73, (1.43, 2.09)]. Wood fuel use was also associated with NPC risk compared with non-wood fire use [OR and 95 % CI = 1.95, (1.65, 2.31)]. More intriguingly, we observed a significant addictive interaction between frequent incense burning and heavy cigarette smoking on NPC risk [synergistic index (SI) = 1.67; 95 % CI: 1.01, 2.76]. We also found a significant joint effect between wood fuel use and NPC family history for NPC risk (SI = 1.77; 95 % CI: 1.06, 2.96). However, neither mosquito oil nor cooking fumes were associated with NPC risk.ConclusionsOur study shows that incense smoke is not only the potential independent risk factor but also co-contributes with cigarette smoking to NPC risk. Moreover, wood combustion is another potential environmental risk factor and exerts a joint effect with NPC family history on NPC.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-2035-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Mosquito coil exposure associated with small cell lung cancer: A report of three cases

Cited by 11 publications

References 24 publications

Exposure to Particulate PAHs on Potential Genotoxicity and Cancer Risk among School Children Living Near the Petrochemical Industry

Exposure to Particulate PAHs on Potential Genotoxicity and Cancer Risk among School Children Living Near the Petrochemical Industry

Environmental health risks and benefits of the use of mosquito coils as malaria prevention and control strategy

Household inhalants exposure and nasopharyngeal carcinoma risk: a large-scale case-control study in Guangdong, China

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