Mosquito Control Emergency Preparedness and Response to Natural Disasters

Connelly, C. Roxanne; Borchert, Jeff N.

doi:10.2987/8756-971x-36.2s.2

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Upon the globalisation and demographic growth, emergence, and resurgence of mosquito species and mosquito-borne diseases posed refreshed threat to public health and wellbeing of humans (Dahmana and Mediannikov, 2020) the main aquatic immature stages is more cost-effective and feasible as compared with adulticiding against air-borne flying adults. Therefore, generally larviciding by application of biorational larvicides are among the routine interventions while the adulticiding by strategically selected pesticides is mostly deployed to mitigate outbreaks of mosquitoes or mosquito-borne diseases (Connelly and Borchert, 2020). In larviciding, available larvicides that bear environmentally friendly profile are at the historical low such as ones that are based on microbial agents and IGRs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Snap-shot assessment of adult mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) densities on the Turks and Caicos Islands, February 2022

Medlock¹,

Gandy²,

Johnston³

et al. 2023

JEMC

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In many of the small island communities of the Caribbean, much of the vector surveillance effort is focussed on house-to-house peri-focal surveys to collect data on larval indices. Adult mosquito trapping is not always routine or affordable and is usually focussed on ad hoc biting issues or small-scale investigations. This makes understanding the relative importance and densities of the common urban mosquitoes, such as Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus, problematic. This snap-shot survey in February 2022 using BG-Sentinel traps at 30 different locations across five islands of the Turks and Caicos, aimed to provide the first island-wide assessment of urban mosquito densities. In total, 2,820 adult mosquitoes were collected over 285 trap nights. Aedes aegypti was most common on the island of Providenciales, with very low densities recorded on South Caicos, North and Middle Caicos, with Ae. aegypti most highly abundant in the main commercial centres. The highest densities of Cx. quinquefasciatus were trapped on North Caicos. Small numbers of other species were also collected, including the first record of Anopheles in TCI. This established framework of trapping and initial assessment provides a platform for continued monitoring of mosquitoes in TCI to better inform mosquito-borne disease risk assessment and future vector control efforts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Snap-shot assessment of adult mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) densities on the Turks and Caicos Islands, February 2022

Medlock¹,

Gandy²,

Johnston³

et al. 2023

JEMC

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show abstract

“…Resources dedicated to addressing VBD have a history of being shunted during times of competing disasters [ 20 ]; however, some natural disasters may create favorable conditions for increased abundance of vectors [ 33 , 34 ], thus generating cyclical and often regional disparities in funded vector-control efforts. Funding increases post-Hurricanes Matthew, Irma and Harvey serve as examples [ 20 , 35 , 36 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Needs Assessment of Southeastern United States Vector Control Agencies: Capacity Improvement Is Greatly Needed to Prevent the Next Vector-Borne Disease Outbreak

et al. 2022

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A national 2017 vector control capacity survey was conducted to assess the United States’ (U.S.’s) ability to prevent emerging vector-borne disease. Since that survey, the southeastern U.S. has experienced continued autochthonous exotic vector-borne disease transmission and establishment of invasive vector species. To understand the current gaps in control programs and establish a baseline to evaluate future vector control efforts for this vulnerable region, a focused needs assessment survey was conducted in early 2020. The southeastern U.S. region was targeted, as this region has a high probability of novel vector-borne disease introduction. Paper copies delivered in handwritten envelopes and electronic copies of the survey were delivered to 386 unique contacts, and 150 returned surveys were received, corresponding to a 39% response rate. Overall, the survey found vector control programs serving areas with over 100,000 residents and those affiliated with public health departments had more core capabilities compared to smaller programs and those not affiliated with public health departments. Furthermore, the majority of vector control programs in this region do not routinely monitor for pesticide resistance. Taken as a whole, these results suggest that the majority of the southeastern U.S. is vulnerable to vector-borne disease outbreaks. Results from this survey raise attention to the critical need of providing increased resources to bring all vector control programs to a competent level, ensuring that public health is protected from the threat of vector-borne disease.

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“…Often, integrated mosquito control is one of the most effective measures for the mitigation of these concerns. Strategic applications of environmentally compatible pesticides against aquatic immature stages and air-borne adult stages have been playing critical roles throughout the evolution of public health pesticides from conventional to biorational options (Connelly and Borchert 2020). In mosquito control, larvicides targeting larvae that dwell in aquatic environments are more achievable and cost-effective than adulticides targeting adults that disperse easily and distribute broadly in cryptic environmental niches (Antonia-Nkondjio et al 2018, Derua et al 2019).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative bioactivity of S-methoprene and novel S-methobutene against mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae)

Su,

Yu,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Journal of Medical Entomology

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Mosquitoes and mosquito-borne illnesses significantly impact public health and human well-being. To address this concern, environmentally compatible larvicides have become a critical component of integrated mosquito management. However, the number of available larvicides is at a historical low. Currently, larvicides that harness microbials and insect growth regulators account for most products. Screening of new active ingredients (AIs) or improvement of existing AIs is thus necessary to augment the capacity for mosquito control. S-methoprene possesses a similar molecular structure and identical function to mosquito juvenile hormone and has been one of the main targets for research and development. The efficacy and safety of S-methoprene have been well documented since the late 1960s, and numerous products have been commercialized to combat pests of economic importance. However, S-methoprene is vulnerable to environmental factors that lead to its degradation, which has created challenges in formulation development, particularly where extended efficacy is desired. A derivative of S-methoprene, namely S-methobutene, with molecular modification has become available. This derivative has demonstrated an enhanced activity of inhibition of emergence (IE) against species across the Aedes, Anopheles, and Culex genera at IE10, IE50, and IE90. Furthermore, S-methobutene consistently outperformed S-methoprene during a 120-day aging process against the southern house mosquito Cx. quinquefasciatus, where the IE% in S-methobutene was significantly higher than that in S-methoprene on most aging intervals. The former had significantly longer residual activity than the latter. The potential of S-methobutene for further development and application is discussed in consideration of its enhanced activity and stability.

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Mosquito Control Emergency Preparedness and Response to Natural Disasters

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

Snap-shot assessment of adult mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) densities on the Turks and Caicos Islands, February 2022

Snap-shot assessment of adult mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) densities on the Turks and Caicos Islands, February 2022

Needs Assessment of Southeastern United States Vector Control Agencies: Capacity Improvement Is Greatly Needed to Prevent the Next Vector-Borne Disease Outbreak

Comparative bioactivity of S-methoprene and novel S-methobutene against mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae)

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