Mosquito midgut glycoproteins and recognition sites for malaria parasites

Ramasamy, Ranjan; Wanniarachchi, I C; Srikrishnaraj, K. Alagaratnam; Ramasamy, M. S.

doi:10.1016/s0925-4439(97)00020-3

Cited by 27 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Because these were not observed, it is difficult to directly associate the CS protein phenotypes with the resistance process. Other possible unidentified molecular differences in early sporogonic stages of the parasite phenotypes may exist that, in interaction with each mosquito species' midgut structure 27 and physiology, [28][29][30] could determine mosquito species-specific parasite infectivity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different prevalences of Plasmodium vivax phenotypes VK210 and VK247 associated with the distribution of Anopheles albimanus and Anopheles pseudopunctipennis in Mexico.

Rodrı́guez

González-Cerón²,

Hernandez³

et al. 2000

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. The geographic distribution of Plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite protein phenotypes from patient blood used to infect colonized Anopheles albimanus and An. pseudopunctipennis was investigated in southern Mexico. Parasite phenotype types were determined in blood samples by a polymerase chain reaction and oligoprobe hybridization or by immunofluorescent assay of sporozoites. The proportion of infected mosquitoes and the number of oocysts per mosquito confirmed previous in vitro observations indicating that An. albimanus is more susceptible to VK210 and that An. pseudopunctipennis is more susceptible to VK247. All patients living on the coast were infected with VK210 and most patients living above 170 meters above sea level had VK247. Both phenotypes infected patients from intermediate altitudes. These results concur with the distribution of the anophelines, indicating that An. albimanus is the main vector of the phenotype VK210, but that An. pseudopunctipennis transmits both phenotypes. These conditions have direct implications on parasite transmission rates and malaria epidemiology in Mexico.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different prevalences of Plasmodium vivax phenotypes VK210 and VK247 associated with the distribution of Anopheles albimanus and Anopheles pseudopunctipennis in Mexico.

Rodrı́guez

González-Cerón²,

Hernandez³

et al. 2000

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…Accumulating evidence suggests that the carbohydrate on the mosquito microvillar surface might serve as a receptor for the initial association between the malaria parasites and the gut epithelial cells. Ramasamy et al (13,14) found that chitotriose and antibodies against midgut glycoproteins inhibited malaria parasite development. Moreover, Shahabuddin and co-workers (46) found in an in vitro assay that P. gallinaceum ookinetes could not bind to Aedes aegypti midguts after chemical modification of epithelial cell surface carbohydrates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the recognition of the gut epithelial cell surface by ookinetes is a crucial step in the life cycle of Plasmodium, little molecular information is available about this process. There is evidence to suggest that carbohydrate components of the gut epithelial cell surface are involved in interactions with the parasite (13,14). However, no candidate glycosylated proteins from the adult Anopheles midgut have been identified.…”

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confidence: 99%

A cell surface mucin specifically expressed in the midgut of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae

Shen

Dimopoulos

Kafatos

et al. 1999

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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An invertebrate intestinal mucin gene, AgMuc1, was isolated from the malaria vector mosquito Anopheles gambiae. The predicted 122-residue protein consists of a central core of seven repeating TTTTVAP motifs f lanked by hydrophobic N-and C-terminal domains. This structure is similar to that of mucins that coat the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. Northern blot analysis indicated that the gene is expressed exclusively in the midgut of adult mosquitoes. A length polymorphism and in situ hybridization were used to genetically and cytogenetically map AgMuc1 to division 7A of the right arm of the second chromosome. The subcellular localization of the encoded protein in tissue culture cells was examined by using a baculovirus vector to express AgMuc1 protein tagged with the green f luorescent protein (GFP). The results indicated that this protein is found at the cell surface and that both hydrophobic domains are required for cell surface targeting. We propose that AgMuc1 is an abundant mucin-like protein that lines the surface of the midgut microvilli, potentially protecting the intestinal epithelium from the proteinase-rich environment of the gut lumen. An intriguing possibility is that, as an abundant surface protein, AgMuc1 may also interact with the malaria parasite during its invasion of the mosquito midgut.

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“…While there is strong evidence that antibodies are the primary mediators of anti-vector transmission-blocking immune responses (28,41,48), the data are not so clear for mosquitocidal immunity, primarily because of the variability in existing reports. All animals used in these mosquitocidal immunity studies were immunized with a mix of crude or partially purified mosquito antigens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All animals used in these mosquitocidal immunity studies were immunized with a mix of crude or partially purified mosquito antigens. The methods for isolating antigen has varied from using whole ground mosquitoes (1,49) to immunizing with midgut antigens that only bind wheat germ agglutinin (41); also, at least five different mosquito species have been studied. Likewise, the vaccinated host animals ranged from rabbits to guinea pigs to mice, and most studies reported that only one or a few of the animals in the experiment generated an immune response that affected mosquito physiology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of Mosquitocidal Activity in Mice Immunized withAnopheles gambiaeMidgut cDNA

Foy¹,

Magalhães²,

Injera³

et al. 2003

Infect Immun

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Vaccines that induce mosquito-killing (mosquitocidal) activity could substantially reduce the transmission of certain mosquito-borne diseases, especially vaccines against African malaria vectors, such as the mosquito Anopheles gambiae. To generate and characterize antimosquito immunity we immunized groups of mice with two individual A. gambiae midgut cDNAs, Ag-Aper1 (a secreted peritrophic matrix protein) and AgMuc1 (a midgut-bound mucin), and an A. gambiae midgut cDNA library from blood-fed mosquitoes. We observed significantly increased mortality among mosquitoes that fed on either the AgMuc1-or the cDNA library-immunized mice compared to that of controls, but no differences were observed among those fed on Ag-Aper1-immunized mice. Analysis of the humoral and cellular immune responses from mice showed that the induced mosquitocidal effect was associated with immune profiles characterized by elevated tumor necrosis factor alpha and gamma interferon cytokine levels and very low antibody titers. Furthermore, an additional immunization of cDNA library-immunized mice with midgut protein shifted immunity toward a Th2-type immune response, characterized by elevated antibody titers and high interleukin-5 and interleukin-10 cytokine levels; importantly, mosquitoes feeding on these mice exhibited no undo mortality. Finally, when immune sera was ingested by mosquitoes through a membrane feeder, no effect on mosquito mortality was observed, indicating that serum factors alone were not responsible for the mosquitocidal effect. Our results demonstrate that mosquitocidal immunity in mice can be consistently generated by midgut cDNA immunization and suggest this cDNA-induced mosquitocidal immunity is cell mediated.

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Mosquito midgut glycoproteins and recognition sites for malaria parasites

Cited by 27 publications

References 25 publications

Different prevalences of Plasmodium vivax phenotypes VK210 and VK247 associated with the distribution of Anopheles albimanus and Anopheles pseudopunctipennis in Mexico.

Different prevalences of Plasmodium vivax phenotypes VK210 and VK247 associated with the distribution of Anopheles albimanus and Anopheles pseudopunctipennis in Mexico.

A cell surface mucin specifically expressed in the midgut of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae

Induction of Mosquitocidal Activity in Mice Immunized withAnopheles gambiaeMidgut cDNA

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