Mosquitoes and Mosquito-Borne Arboviruses in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau—Focused on the Qinghai Area, China

Li, Wenjuan; Wang, Jinglin; Li, Minghua; Fu, Shihong; Wang, Huanyu; Wang, Zhiyu; Jiang, Shuang-Ying; Wu, Xi; Guo, Peng; Zhao, Shouqin; Shi, Yan; Lu, Nan-Nan; Nasci, Roger S.; Tang, Qing; Liang, Guodong

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0649

Cited by 30 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…and Ae. dorsalis throughout northern China (20, 21, 35). Here we report the first detection of LNV in multiple pools of different species of mosquitoes and midges from NSW collected from 1995–2005 (Table 1) indicating that LNV is geographically diffuse in NSW, Australia, and may use multiple vector species there, similar to LNV circulation in China.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced arbovirus surveillance with deep sequencing: Identification of novel rhabdoviruses and bunyaviruses in Australian mosquitoes

et al. 2014

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Viral metagenomics characterizes known and identifies unknown viruses based on sequence similarities to any previously sequenced viral genomes. A metagenomics approach was used to identify virus sequences in Australian mosquitoes causing cytopathic effects in inoculated mammalian cell cultures. Sequence comparisons revealed strains of Liao Ning virus (Reovirus, Seadornavirus), previously detected only in China, livestock-infecting Stretch Lagoon virus (Reovirus, Orbivirus), two novel dimarhabdoviruses, named Beaumont and North Creek viruses, and two novel orthobunyaviruses, named Murrumbidgee and Salt Ash viruses. The novel virus proteomes diverged by ≥50% relative to their closest previously genetically characterized viral relatives. Deep sequencing also generated genomes of Warrego and Wallal viruses, orbiviruses linked to kangaroo blindness, whose genomes had not been fully characterized. This study highlights viral metagenomics in concert with traditional arbovirus surveillance to characterize known and new arboviruses in field-collected mosquitoes. Follow-up epidemiological studies are required to determine whether the novel viruses infect humans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced arbovirus surveillance with deep sequencing: Identification of novel rhabdoviruses and bunyaviruses in Australian mosquitoes

et al. 2014

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“…This burgeoning trade has triggered environmental threats from an expanding list of biological invaders and has already caused damage to China’s environment and economy. Huge construction projects, such as the Qinghai-Tibet Railway [57], could further spread invasive mosquitoes to Lhasa city [37,58,59]. As to urbanization, Tibet entered a stage of accelerated urbanization after 1995.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These include: global warming [29-35], increasing international trade and tourism, population growth and mobility [36], transport improvements (such as completion of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway in 2006, the Qinghai-Tibet Highway, Sichuan-Tibet Highway and China-Nepal International Road, and the construction of the Gonggar Airport) [37], changing rainfall patterns [38], and developments in agriculture, urbanization and industrialization [39]. There are no official records to show whether mosquitoes existed in Lhasa city before 2009.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mosquitoes established in Lhasa city, Tibet, China

et al. 2013

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BackgroundIn 2009, residents of Lhasa city, Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR), China reported large numbers of mosquitoes and bites from these insects. It is unclear whether this was a new phenomenon, which species were involved, and whether these mosquitoes had established themselves in the local circumstances.MethodsThe present study was undertaken in six urban sites of Chengguan district Lhasa city, Tibet. Adult mosquitoes were collected by bed net trap, labor hour method and light trap in August 2009 and August 2012. The trapped adult mosquitoes were initially counted and identified according to morphological criteria, and a proportion of mosquitoes were examined more closely using a multiplex PCR assay.Results907 mosquitoes of the Culex pipiens complex were collected in this study. Among them, 595 were females and 312 were males. There was no significant difference in mosquito density monitored by bed net trap and labor hour method in 2009 and 2012. Of 105 mosquitoes identified by multiplex PCR, 36 were pure mosquitoes (34.29%) while 69 were hybrids (65.71%). The same subspecies of Culex pipiens complex were observed by bed net trap, labor hour method and light trap in 2009 and 2012.ConclusionThe local Culex pipiens complex comprises the subspecies Cx. pipiens pipiens, Cx. pipiens pallens, Cx. pipiens quinquefasciatus and its hybrids. Mosquitoes in the Cx. pipiens complex, known to be, potentially, vectors of periodic filariasis and encephalitis, are now present from one season to the next, and appear to be established in Lhasa City, TAR.

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“…The fixed slides were probed with a panel of mouse antisera against alphaviruses and flaviviruses and incubated at 37°C for 30 minutes as described. 16,17 The antisera were prepared in our laboratory and included broadly reactive immune ascites against alphaviruses, specific antisera to SINV, Getah virus, Mayaro virus, chikungunya virus, and Simliki Forest virus, and antisera against the flaviviruses JEV, dengue virus, and West Nile virus. Antisera were diluted 1:50 in PBS before use.…”

Section: Mosquitomentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Mosquitoes and Mosquito-Borne Arboviruses in Yunnan Province near the China–Myanmar–Laos Border

Wang¹,

Zhang²,

Sun³

et al. 2011

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Economic development and increased tourism in the southern region of Yunnan Province in China, adjacent to several countries in Southeast Asia, has increased the likelihood of import and export of vectors and vector-borne diseases. We report the results of surveillance of mosquitoes and mosquito-borne arboviruses along the border of ChinaMyanmar-Laos in 2005 and 2006, and information associating several arboviruses with infections and possibly disease in local human populations. Seventeen mosquito species representing four genera were obtained, and 14 strains of mosquito-borne viruses representing six viruses in five genera were isolated from Culex tritaeniorhynchus . In addition, IgM against Japanese encephalitis virus, Sindbis virus, Yunnan orbivirus and novel Banna virus was detected in acute-phase serum samples obtained from hospitalized patients with fever and encephalitis near the areas where the viruses were isolated. This investigation suggests that Japanese encephalitis virus, Sindbis virus, and lesser-known arboviruses circulate and may be infecting humans in the China-Myanmar-Laos border region. immune ascites against alphaviruses, specific antisera to SINV, Getah virus, Mayaro virus, chikungunya virus, and Simliki Forest virus, and antisera against the flaviviruses JEV, dengue virus, and West Nile virus. Antisera were diluted 1:50 in PBS before use. After subsequent rinses in PBS and sterile water, the slides were probed with the secondary rabbit anti-mouse monoclonal fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugate (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) at 37°C for 30 minutes before visualization with a fluorescent microscopy. Positive and negative controls of immune ascites against alphaviruses were SINV (YN87448) and JEV (P3), respectively. Positive and negative controls of immune ascites against flavivirus antisera were JEV (P3) and SINV (YN87448), respectively.Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and sequence analysis. RNA extraction and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were performed as described. 18 Briefly, doublestranded RNA was extracted from approximately 400 μL of cell suspension with phenol/chloroform. Each RNA sample was mixed with sample buffer and subjected to electrophoresis at room temperature on a standard discontinuous 7%, 10%, or 15% acrylamide (acrylamide/bisacrylamide 29:1; Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA) slab gel (18 × 16 × 0.075 cm) (Hoefer Pharmacia Biotech Inc., San Francisco, CA) with a 3.5% acrylamide stacking gel in Tris-glycine buffer (25 mM Tris, 192 mM glycine, pH 8.3) (Bio-Rad Laboratories). After electrophoresis, virus double-stranded RNAs were visualized by staining with silver nitrate. Viral RNA was extracted by using the QIAamp Viral RNA Mini Kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA), and cDNA was synthesized by using Ready-To-Go You-Prime First Strand Beads (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, Piscataway, NJ) according to the manufacturer's procedure. Samples were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with flavivi...

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Mosquitoes and Mosquito-Borne Arboviruses in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau—Focused on the Qinghai Area, China

Cited by 30 publications

References 13 publications

Enhanced arbovirus surveillance with deep sequencing: Identification of novel rhabdoviruses and bunyaviruses in Australian mosquitoes

Enhanced arbovirus surveillance with deep sequencing: Identification of novel rhabdoviruses and bunyaviruses in Australian mosquitoes

Mosquitoes established in Lhasa city, Tibet, China

Distribution of Mosquitoes and Mosquito-Borne Arboviruses in Yunnan Province near the China–Myanmar–Laos Border

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