Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) from Villages and Forest Areas of Rural Communes in Khanh Hoa and Binh Phuoc Provinces, Vietnam

Abstract

This study presents the diversity of mosquitoes collected from communes, endemic with malaria and dengue, located in Khanh Hoa and Binh Phuoc Provinces, Vietnam. A total of 10,288 mosquitoes were collected in the village and forested sites using standard larval dippers, cow-baited traps, ultra-violet light traps, and mechanical aspirators. Mosquito taxa were identified morphologically and species complexes/groups were further characterized molecularly. Five genera of mosquitoes were morphologically identified: Anopheles Meigen (21 species), Aedes Meigen (2 species), Culex Linnaeus (5 species), Mansonia Blanchard sp., and Armigeres Theobald sp. The PCR-based identification methods allowed the distinction of members of Maculatus Group, Funestus Group, and Dirus Complex; and DNA barcodes enabled the further identification of the Barbirostris Complex. Data reported here include the first report of An. saeungae Taai & Harbach and An. wejchoochotei Taai & Harbach from Vietnam, and re-emphasizes the significance of using molecular data in an integrated systematic approach to identify cryptic species and better understand their role in disease transmission.

Effects of tree diversity and stand structure on above-ground carbon storage in evergreen broad-leaved and deciduous forests in Southeast Vietnam

“…The same pattern of carbon contribution was found in a evergreen broadleaved forest in Central, Vietnam (Avitabile et al, 2016), where total AGC stock increased exponentially from very poor forest (18.2 Mg ha −1 ) to poor forest (44.5 Mg ha −1 ), to medium forest (83 Mg ha −1 ), and to rich forest (166.8 Mg ha −1 ). Similar results were found in Central Highland, Northeast, Central North, Northwest, North Central Coast and Mid-Central Coast of Vietnam (Con et al, 2013;Luong et al, 2015;Nguyen & Kappas, 2020;Van et al, 2020;Vu et al, 2021) (Appendix B). However, these values are lower than that of the tropical evergreen broadleaved forests of Central Highland, Vietnam, which were reported total carbon stock increased from very poor forest (75.2 Mg ha −1 ), to medium forest (198.9 Mg ha −1 ), and to very rich forest (254.8 Mg ha −1 ) (Hai et al, 2015).…”

“…The study area is mostly surrounded by primary forests and has an equatorial monsoon climate with two distinct seasons: rainy (May to October) and dry (November to April). Total mean annual precipitation is about 1804 mm with a mean annual temperature of 25 °C ( Van et al, 2020;Vu et al, 2021). The forest is characterized by Acrisols and Ferralsols soils (Lung et al, 2011) that occur at an altitude ranging from 18 to 942 m. Three different vegetation types are found in this study area, including evergreen broad-leaved, deciduous and mixed forests (Lung et al, 2011).…”

Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) Diversity and Community Structure in Doi Inthanon National Park, Northern Thailand

“…For example, 160 species in 18 genera were found in the Amazon rainforest [76], 117 species in 17 genera in the northwestern Amazon [35], and 103 species in 16 genera in Cantareira State Park in Brazil [77]. However, low numbers of species can be affected by different collection methods, as seen in some previous studies, such as 26 species in five genera collected in Vietnam [78], 50 species in 12 genera in the Amazon basin, Peru [79], 82 species in the Caatinga biome, Brazil [80], 20 species (10,131 specimens) from Amazonas State, Brazil [37], and 103 species in 16 genera in Cantareira State Park, Brazil [77]. According to these data, it is obvious that the tropical region is an area with high levels of mosquito diversity.…”