Most effective combustion technologies for reducing Nox emissions in aero gas turbines

Ommi, Fathollah; Azimi, Mohammadreza

doi:10.1260/1750-9548.6.4.417

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The counter effect is that, by increasing fuel efficiency4 there is also an increase in NO 𝑥 emissions. Techniques are being investigated to reduce NO 𝑥 formation, which focus mainly on reducing combustion temperatures and combustion residence time [22]. Other methods to further reduce NO 𝑥 include multi-fuels as the primary source of energy [23,24] and low NO 𝑥 combustion technique [25].…”

Section: Nitrogen Oxides (No 𝑥 )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Assessment of Hydrogen Combustion Aircraft: Towards a Green Aviation Sector

Ortuño

Yin

Rao

et al. 2023

AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum

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As climate change aggravates, the aviation sector strives to minimize its climate footprint. To this end, international organizations, such as ICAO and ACARE, are promoting mitigation measures including novel technologies, operations, and energy carriers to reduce aircraft emissions significantly. Hydrogen (H 2 ) as an alternative fuel has the advantage of eliminating CO 2 and soot emissions and the potential to reduce NO 𝑥 emission substantially. Nevertheless, burning H 2 emits more H 2 O and increases the contrail formation probability. Therefore, the actual climate impact of hydrogen aircraft is still uncertain. This paper intents to evaluate the climate impact of a hydrogen powered aircraft considering the effects of H 2 O, NO 𝑥 , and contrails . To frame the contribution of each individual climate agent, the research compares a hydrogen and a kerosene aircraft with similar mission capabilities. To assess the climate impact, a modeling chain was developed including network selection, flight routes calculation, aircraft and propulsion performance, emissions prediction, and climate impact assessment. In total, 2.24 million flights covering 1128 city pairs were analyzed. The energy consumption of hydrogen aircraft is about 10% higher than that of the kerosene aircraft due to the larger wetted area for hydrogen storage. However, the average atmospheric temperature response caused by the hydrogen aircraft is 67% lower compared to the kerosene aircraft due to the absence of CO 2 , the lower radiative forcing of hydrogen contrails, and the reduction in NO 𝑥 emissions when assuming advanced hydrogen combustion technology. It was also observed that climate impact from hydrogen aircraft is more sensitive to flights over the tropics than to flights over the poles.

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Section: Nitrogen Oxides (No 𝑥 )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Assessment of Hydrogen Combustion Aircraft: Towards a Green Aviation Sector

Ortuño

Yin

Rao

et al. 2023

AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum

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“…In order to get a best design, a trade-off to be made between the cycle efficiency, NOx emission, and the material temperature constraints, in which, often a specific fuel consumption (SFC) gain was chosen over the NOx emission aspect [92]. However, a few technologies explored in the present time showed potential for improvement in NOx emission; those are: water/steam injection, rich burn quick quench-lean burn (RQL), lean premix pre-vaporized (LPP), lean direct injection (LDI), and advanced twin annular premixing swirler combustors [52,93]. The Graham et al NOx emission prediction study [94] showcases that current and future engine designs well comply to the current time ICAO standards.…”

Section: Performance Metricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Concepts, Benefits, and Challenges for Future Electrical Propulsion-Based Aircraft

2020

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Electrification of the propulsion system has opened the door to a new paradigm of propulsion system configurations and novel aircraft designs, which was never envisioned before. Despite lofty promises, the concept must overcome the design and sizing challenges to make it realizable. A suitable modeling framework is desired in order to explore the design space at the conceptual level. A greater investment in enabling technologies, and infrastructural developments, is expected to facilitate its successful application in the market. In this review paper, several scholarly articles were surveyed to get an insight into the current landscape of research endeavors and the formulated derivations related to electric aircraft developments. The barriers and the needed future technological development paths are discussed. The paper also includes detailed assessments of the implications and other needs pertaining to future technology, regulation, certification, and infrastructure developments, in order to make the next generation electric aircraft operation commercially worthy.

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“…In the development of LPP combustors, the success of the LPP combustion process mainly depends on the flow field, evaporation characteristics of fuel spray and the fuel/air mixing in the combustion zone [20]. Combustor designs of this kind are very complex because they require sophisticated harde-ware for proper staging of the combustion process [1], where there are many challenges, among them the auto-ignition and flashback risk which become severe at higher OPR engines, this limits the further application for future gas turbines. Also Higher lean blowout risk due to ultra-lean burn and staged combustion has to be employed with compromise in higher production for NOX emission at engine part load [5].…”

Section: Lean Premixed Prevaporised Combustors (Lpp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some people may think that most aviation research is focused only on how to produce larger planes with higher speeds and different shapes, but this is not right, where most researchers and scientists focus on how to control emission levels. The aircrafts are responsible for emitting several types of pollutants, especially the pollutants in the form of Nitrogen Oxides NOX (comprising NO and NO2) which are one of the most toxic pollutants in the atmosphere and are well known as a destroyer of the ozone layer and a precursor of the acid rain [1], where NOX can cause problems to the atmosphere, such as smog and ozone in the lower troposphere and decreased ozone in the stratosphere. Also the NOX can cause health problems such as lung irritation and lower resistance to respiratory infections [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combustors with Low Emission Levels for Aero Gas Turbine Engines

Guellouh

Szamosi

Siménfalvi³

2019

IJEMS

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The aircrafts are responsible for emitting several types of pollutants, especially the pollutants in the form of NOX, CO2, CO, UHC, SOX and Particulate Matter PM (smoke/soot). The impact of aviation emissions on the global is well known, where these emissions modify the chemical and microphysical properties of the atmosphere resulting in changes of earth’s climate system, which can ultimate in critical changes in our planet fragile ecosystem, also the pollutants produced by aircraft engines cause many health problems. This is why the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) is seriously seeking to control the emission levels by issuing new standards during the successive meetings of the Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection CAEP (CAEP/01 in 1986, CAEP/2, CAEP/4, CAEP/6, CAEP/8, etc). The new regulations include more stringent standards aimed to reduce emission levels, this led to increased interest in low emission technologies. In this paper, a comprehensive review of low emissions combustion technologies for modern aero gas turbines is represented. The current low emission technologies include the high Technologies Readiness Level (TRL) including RQL, TAPS, DAC and LDI. Also, there are advanced technologies at lower TRL including LPP, ASC and VGC.

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Most effective combustion technologies for reducing Nox emissions in aero gas turbines

Cited by 9 publications

References 26 publications

Climate Assessment of Hydrogen Combustion Aircraft: Towards a Green Aviation Sector

Climate Assessment of Hydrogen Combustion Aircraft: Towards a Green Aviation Sector

A Review of Concepts, Benefits, and Challenges for Future Electrical Propulsion-Based Aircraft

Combustors with Low Emission Levels for Aero Gas Turbine Engines

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