“…Furthermore, besides the microbiome, genetics may also play a role in influencing neuromodulator metabolism and efficacy. 260 As the microbiome is central to both gut physiology and psychological wellbeing, microbiome-directed therapies have been increasingly advocated for DGBI. Diet, as a major modulator of gut microbial composition and function, is also considered a first-line treatment for patients with DGBI, 261–263 due to a great proportion of patients often complaining about food triggering or worsening symptoms.…”