“…Many researchers have recently presented a variety of metaheuristic methods: Gray wolf optimizer (GWO) (Mirjalili et al, 2014;Pahuja, 2020), Water Cycle Algorithm (Mahdavi-Nasab et al, 2020), Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm (SFLA) (Gandhi and Bhattacharjya, 2020), Moth Flame Optimization (MFO) algorithm (Mirjalili, 2015;Sahoo et al, 2023), Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) (Mirjalili and Lewis, 2016;Dao et al, 2016), Dwarf Mongoose Optimization Algorithm (DMOA) (Agushaka et al, 2022), Cat and Mouse Based Optimizer (CMBO) (Dehghani et al, 2021), Coati Optimization Algorithm (COA) (Dehghani et al, 2023), Gazelle Optimization Algorithm (GOA) (Agushaka et al, 2023), Dragonfly Algorithm (DA) (Mirjalili, 2016), Crystal Structure Algorithm (CSA) (Khodadadi et al, 2021), and Stochastic Paint Optimizer (SPO) (Kaveh et al, 2020), which are few meta-heuristics approaches used in reliability 2.2. Complex System Optimization.…”