Moth Traps for the Tobacco Budworm12

Hartstack, A. W.; Witz, J. A.; Buck, D. R.

doi:10.1093/jee/72.4.519

Cited by 109 publications

(57 citation statements)

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“…Percentage of emergence, number of adults capable of ßight, and sex ratio were estimated for each release. Two pupal rings were placed within each of two modiÞed (with a ßoor) Texas 70 Ð50 cm cone traps (Hartstack et al 1979) stationed at the release site. Adults captured in the receptacle placed above the cone were classiÞed as capable of ßight only if there were no abnormalities similar to the abnormalities for Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) described by Showers et al (1989a).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aggregation and Dispersal Behavior of Marked and Released European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) Adults

et al. 2001

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To observe the aggregation and dispersal behavior of adult European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hub ner), males in search of mates, two populations were marked, each with a different dye. One population was continuously reared in the laboratory (.5 yr) and the other was collected annually from the Þeld. From 1986 to 1988, marked adults were released in two release sets per year, with three to Þve releases per release set, coinciding with the spring and summer ßights of European corn borer in central Iowa. Traps for recapture contained lures baited with 40 mg of synthetic 97:3 Z:E-11-tetradecenyl acetate. Traplines extended from 200 m to 48 km. Each trap was assigned a compass direction. Males from the laboratory-reared population dispersed similarly to males just 1 generation from the wild. European corn borer males and females dispersed 23Ð49 km and some were recovered 14 km from the release site within 100 min after release. Sampling of aggregation sites demonstrated that on the nights of release, many adults aggregated in adjacent dense vegetation and did not disperse until the following night. Upon dispersal, these adults seemingly moved many meters or kilometers before settling again. Recapture of marked adults at 200 m might have been inßuenced by open landscapes (short, vegetative-growth corn). Recapture at 800 m or beyond, however, was unaffected by open landscapes, and in 1988 a greater proportion of marked males was recaptured while the landscape was closed. (tall, mature-growth corn). In 1987, during the Þrst ßight of European corn borer, displacement to 800 m was southeasterly, south, or west, but during Þrst ßights in 1986 and 1988, displacement to 800mwas predominately northeasterly. During the second ßight in midsummer, displacement to 800 m for all 3 yr of the study also was northeasterly. Recapture results from 1986 suggest that male movement.800mis common. During the Þrst release set (early summer), 37% of the males recaptured ßew 800 m or more and 8% ßew 3.2kmor more. During the second release set (late summer), 51% of the males recaptured ßew 800m or more and 11% ßew 3.2 km or more. The recommendation for placement of nontransgenic corn (Zea mays L.) as refuge in the Corn Belt is a half mile or closer to Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt)-corn if the refuge corn is not sprayed and a quarter mile or closer when the refuge corn is sprayed. Based on the dispersal results from this study, at least in Iowa, a half-mile proximity recommendation should be robust. Studies still should be conducted in other regions, especially where corn is commonly irrigated, to determine whether European corn borer adult movement patterns are similar. During the second ßight in midsummer, displacement to 800 m for all 3 yr of the study also was northeasterly. Recapture results from 1986 suggest that male movement Ͼ800 m is common. During the Þrst release set (early summer), 37% of the males recaptured ßew 800 m or more and 8% ßew 3.2 km or more. During the second release set (late summer), 51% of the m...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aggregation and Dispersal Behavior of Marked and Released European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) Adults

et al. 2001

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“…The synthetic blend identical in composition to the H. subflexa gland extract (see earlier) formulated in either polyethylene vials (30 mg of mixture) or on filter paper (75 ng) was as effective in capturing males as either females or gland extracts in cone traps (19). Additionally, only H. subflexa males were captured, while traps in the same fields baited with H. virescens or H. zea females or synthetic blends (10) also captured only conspecific males.…”

mentioning

confidence: 90%

Analysis of Chemical Communications Systems of Lepidoptera

Tumlinson

Heath

Teal

1982

Insect Pheromone Technology: Chemistry and Applications

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Recent research has shown that the pheromone medi ated behavior of lepidopterous insects is very com plex. The chemical components of the pheromones are usually simple molecules, but complex mixtures involv ing permutations of geometry, functionality, and chain length are often required to elicit the complicated behavioral repertoire that eventually culminates in mating. To elucidate the chemical and behavioral aspects of this communications system, we have used a combination of methods including collection of the volatiles emitted by the female, analysis by high resolu tion capillary gas chromatography (GC), and the sequen tial and temporal analysis of the male's behavioral response to the pheromone blend and components there of. New liquid phases and state of the art techniques have been developed for capillary GC to separate all the components of a pheromone blend. With these methods the chemical communication systems of Heliothis virescens (F.) and H. subflexa (Gn.) have been analyzed and certain aspects have been elucidated.Numerous investigations of the pheromone communication systems of Lepidoptera have been conducted during the last two decades, probably because Lepidoptera are ubiquitous phytophagous pests and because, superficially, their pheromones and related behavior appear simple. Most of these investigations have involved the chemical identification of the pheromone or pheromone blend obtained from the females and subsequent evaluation of synthesized pheromones to determine whether or not they "work" as trap baits for males, or communication disruptants in the field.However, in the last five years there has been a growing body of evidence that lepidopteran pheromones and pheromone mediated behavior is much more complex than first believed.It is now clear that information regarding the chemical composition of the pheromone and the pheromone elicited behavior This chapter not subject to U.S.

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“…In 2003, three trap designs were deployed on 20 May at each trap site. The three trap designs used at a site were the Intercept wing trap (hereafter wing trap) (IPM) Tech, Inc., Portland, OR), the Intercept bucket/funnel UNI trap (hereafter bucket trap) (IPM Tech), and the Hartstack wiremesh, 75-cm diameter cone trap (hereafter large metal cone trap) (Hartstack et al 1979) (Fig. 1aÐ c).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lines of mature trees Ͼ100 m in length and Ͼ10 m in depth constituted a windbreak, and associated trap lines were placed within 5 m of the windbreak. Tree lines consisted predominantly of oak (Hartstack et al 1979). In 2005, the large metal cone trap was compared with a modiÞed Hartstack wire-mesh, 35-cm-diameter cone trap (small metal cone trap) (d) and the Gemplers Heliothis, 35-cm-diameter cone trap (small nylon cone trap) (e).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%