Mother-to-Child Transmission of Arboviruses during Breastfeeding: From Epidemiology to Cellular Mechanisms

Desgraupes, Sophie; Hubert, Mathieu; Gessain, Antoine; Ceccaldi, Pierre‐Emmanuel; Vidy, Aurore

doi:10.3390/v13071312

Cited by 23 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 148 publications

(224 reference statements)

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“…On the other hand, few viruses are transmitted via breast milk including Human Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), HTLV-1, and the related HTLV-2 ( 16 , 17 ). For arboviruses like Zika Virus, Dengue Virus, or Yellow Fever Virus, transmission via breast milk is under debate ( 18 ). However, abstinence from breastfeeding is no option in resource-limited settings due to impaired access to clean drinking water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk Transmission of HTLV-1 and the Need for Innovative Prevention Strategies

Sebastian

Thoma-Kress

2022

Front. Med.

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Breastfeeding is recommended by the World Health Organization for at least 6 months up to 2 years of age, and breast milk protects against several diseases and infections. Intriguingly, few viruses are transmitted via breastfeeding including Human T-cell leukemia virus Type 1 (HTLV-1). HTLV-1 is a highly oncogenic yet neglected retrovirus, which primarily infects CD4+ T-cells in vivo and causes incurable diseases like HTLV-1-associated inflammatory conditions or Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) after lifelong viral persistence. Worldwide, at least 5–10 million people are HTLV-1-infected and most of them are unaware of their infection posing the risk of silent transmissions. HTLV-1 is transmitted via cell-containing body fluids such as blood products, semen, and breast milk, which constitutes the major route of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). Risk of transmission increases with the duration of breastfeeding, however, abstinence from breastfeeding as it is recommended in some endemic countries is not an option in resource-limited settings or underrepresented areas and populations. Despite significant progress in understanding details of HTLV-1 cell-to-cell transmission, it is still not fully understood, which cells in which organs get infected via the oral route, how these cells get infected, how breast milk affects this route of infection and how to inhibit oral transmission despite breastfeeding, which is an urgent need especially in underrepresented areas of the world. Here, we review these questions and provide an outlook how future research could help to uncover prevention strategies that might ultimately allow infants to benefit from breastfeeding while reducing the risk of HTLV-1 transmission.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk Transmission of HTLV-1 and the Need for Innovative Prevention Strategies

Sebastian

Thoma-Kress

2022

Front. Med.

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“…ZIKV is transmitted by the female Aedes aegypti or Aedes Albopictus mosquito, both being widely distributed in Latin America [ 2 ]. However, other routes of transmission are also described including blood transfusion, sexual transmission, and transmission via breast milk [ 3 , 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peculiarities of Zika Immunity and Vaccine Development: Lessons from Dengue and the Contribution from Controlled Human Infection Model

et al. 2022

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The Zika virus (ZIKV) was first isolated from a rhesus macaque in the Zika forest of Uganda in 1947. Isolated cases were reported until 2007, when the first major outbreaks of Zika infection were reported from the Island of Yap in Micronesia and from French Polynesia in 2013. In 2015, ZIKV started to circulate in Latin America, and in 2016, ZIKV was considered by WHO to be a Public Health Emergency of International Concern due to cases of Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS), a ZIKV-associated complication never observed before. After a peak of cases in 2016, the infection incidence dropped dramatically but still causes concern because of the associated microcephaly cases, especially in regions where the dengue virus (DENV) is endemic and co-circulates with ZIKV. A vaccine could be an important tool to mitigate CZS in endemic countries. However, the immunological relationship between ZIKV and other flaviviruses, especially DENV, and the low numbers of ZIKV infections are potential challenges for developing and testing a vaccine against ZIKV. Here, we discuss ZIKV vaccine development with the perspective of the immunological concerns implicated by DENV-ZIKV cross-reactivity and the use of a controlled human infection model (CHIM) as a tool to accelerate vaccine development.

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“…In addition, RNA and infective ZIKV particles have been detected in breast milk samples from infected women and in serum from their respective children [ 12 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. Four cases of probable MTCT of ZIKV through breast milk have been reported [ 10 , 12 , 18 ], suggesting that viral transmission during breastfeeding could have raised the number of infected infants during the ZIKV epidemic in Latin America (2015–2016) [ 19 ]. Even though the number of cases reporting the presence of ZIKV in this fluid is increasing, breastfeeding is recommended due to the benefits of this practice overcoming the potential harms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic and Genetic Variability of Isolates of ZIKV-2016 in Brazil

et al. 2022

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The possibility of a Zika virus epidemic resurgence requires studies to understand its mechanisms of pathogenicity. Here, we describe the isolation of the Zika virus from breast milk (Rio-BM1) and compare its genetic and virological properties with two other isolates (Rio-U1 and Rio-S1) obtained during the same epidemic period. Complete genomic analysis of these three viral isolates showed that they carry characteristics of the American isolates and belong to the Asian genotype. Furthermore, we detected eight non-synonymous single nucleotide variants and multiple nucleotide polymorphisms that reflect phenotypic changes. The new isolate, Rio-BM1, showed the lowest replication rates in mammalian cells, induced lower cell death rates, was more susceptible to treatment with type I IFN, and was less pathogenic than Rio-U1 in a murine model. In conclusion, the present study shows evidence that the isolate Rio-BM1 is more attenuated than Rio-U1, probably due to the impact of genetic alterations in the modulation of virulence. The results obtained in our in vitro model were consistent with the pathogenicity observed in the animal model, indicating that this method can be used to assess the virulence level of other isolates or to predict the pathogenicity of reverse genetic constructs containing other polymorphisms.

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Mother-to-Child Transmission of Arboviruses during Breastfeeding: From Epidemiology to Cellular Mechanisms

Cited by 23 publications

References 148 publications

Milk Transmission of HTLV-1 and the Need for Innovative Prevention Strategies

Milk Transmission of HTLV-1 and the Need for Innovative Prevention Strategies

Peculiarities of Zika Immunity and Vaccine Development: Lessons from Dengue and the Contribution from Controlled Human Infection Model

Phenotypic and Genetic Variability of Isolates of ZIKV-2016 in Brazil

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