Mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis C virus

Pott-Júnior, Henrique; Theodoro, Matheus; Vespoli, Juliana de Almeida; Senise, Jorge Figueiredo; Castelo, Adauto

doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2018.03.034

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…It is estimated that between 4-6% of babies born to HCV positive mothers develop HCV infection [2, 3]. Currently there is no effective strategy to prevent HCV transmission from mother to baby [4]. Prenatal clinical care visits represent an opportunity to identify not only women who would benefit from treatment for HCV after pregnancy, but also a way to identify infants who should be evaluated for HCV infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk-Based Prenatal Hepatitis C Testing Practices and Results, Alaska 2013-2016

Nolen

Gustin

Seeman

et al. 2019

Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in pregnant women is of concern as it presents a health threat not only to the mother, but also to her infant. A retrospective analysis was performed to evaluate HCV testing and exposure in women who delivered infants between 2013 and 2016 at a referral hospital in Alaska. Multiple risk behaviors were evaluated, including drug dependency or abuse (drug abuse), tobacco use, alcohol dependency or abuse, and late presentation to prenatal care. Of the 2856 women who delivered between 2013 and 2016, 470 (16.5%) were tested for HCV during pregnancy and 1356 (47.5%) were tested at any time prior to delivery (including pregnancy); 62 (2.2%) were positive for HCV antibodies. Of the 162 women with a documented history of drug abuse, 95 (58.6%) were tested for HCV during pregnancy and 143 (88.3%) were tested at any time prior to delivery (including pregnancy); 30 (18.5%) were positive for HCV antibodies. Forty-nine women (34%) with a documented history of drug abuse who were not previously known to be HCV positive were not tested for HCV during their pregnancy. In conclusion, approximately 2% of pregnant women in the study population were known to have been exposed to HCV by the time of their delivery. One-third of women with documented drug abuse did not have an HCV test during pregnancy, revealing gaps in HCV testing of pregnant women. Further studies are needed to understand the full costs and benefits of risk-based screening versus universal screening in this and other populations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk-Based Prenatal Hepatitis C Testing Practices and Results, Alaska 2013-2016

Nolen

Gustin

Seeman

et al. 2019

Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology

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“…18 Mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis C virus is the leading cause of pediatric hepatitis C and can occur during intrauterine and peripartum period. 39,40 Maternal ribonucleic acid (RNA) viral load > 6 log IU/mL was identified as an important determinant of vertical transmission. 39 Currently, there is no proven safe and effective approach for the PMTCT of hepatitis C virus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…39,40 Maternal ribonucleic acid (RNA) viral load > 6 log IU/mL was identified as an important determinant of vertical transmission. 39 Currently, there is no proven safe and effective approach for the PMTCT of hepatitis C virus. 40,41 Nevertheless, awareness of hepatitis C is expected to reduce the vertical propagation of hepatitis C. In particular, unlike HIV that develops severe symptoms, hepatitis virus carriers may not know their status.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Equity and Vertically Transmitted Infections: A Country-Level Analysis Across 153 Countries

et al. 2021

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Purpose: Gender inequality is a barrier to education toward women and accessibility to health facilities, which are important for preventing vertical transmission. This study was conducted to analyze the impact of gender equity on vertically transmitted infections (hepatitis viruses, human immunodeficiency virus [HIV], and syphilis) using country-level indicators. Methods: The relationship between the Global Gender Gap Index (GGGI), which is indicator of gender equity, and vertical transmission was analyzed. GGGI scores were collected from 153 countries in 2020. Vertical transmission included 10 outcomes for hepatitis viruses, HIV, and syphilis. Generalized linear model (GLM) was used for analyzing the relationship. Other predictors included skilled birth attendant and country income. Results: The median GGGI score was 0.706 (interquartile range, 0.664–0.736). GLM showed that the GGGI score was significantly associated with the incidence of both chronic hepatitis B and C in under 5 years (both p <0.001). For HIV, GGGI score was significantly associated with the pregnant women with unknown HIV status ( p =0.001), no early infant diagnosis ( p =0.027), and final transmission rate ( p =0.005). There was no significant predictor for pregnant women who have not received antiretroviral therapy for prevention of mother-to-child transmission. All syphilis indicators have improved in high-income countries compared to low-income countries. GGGI score had a significant association only with no syphilis screening ( p <0.001). Conclusions: A lower GGGI score was associated with higher vertical transmission of hepatitis and HIV. The improvement of gender equity might prevent vertical transmission of these viruses. Further intervention studies are warranted to verify the results.

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“…78 Furthermore, it appears that the transmission occurs variably during the course of pregnancy and delivery, with 31% of transmissions occurring in utero, and 50%-79% during the peripartum period. 79,80 Importantly, post-partum HCV transmission is not thought to occur with breastfeeding and the current recommendations are that breastfeeding should not be discouraged based on a positive HCV infection status; an exception being if the mother is co-infected with HIV. 78,[81][82][83][84] Although the rate of MTCT of HCV has remained stable at 5%-6%, the incidence of HCV infection among women of child-bearing age is increasing.…”

Section: Screening During Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%