Mothers’ Parenting Behaviors in Families of School-Aged Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Observational and Questionnaire Study

Boonen, Hannah; Esch, Lotte van; Lambrechts, Greet; Maljaars, Jarymke; Zink, Inge; Leeuwen, Karla Van; Noens, Ilse

doi:10.1007/s10803-015-2506-6

Cited by 38 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…We found mostly weak to moderate associations for correlations between different scores on the same behavioural instruments at a given time point, whereas there were only few and mostly weak associations between different behavioural observations measured at different time points. The associations between the self‐report and the behavioural measures were even weaker, which is in line with previous studies . These findings suggest that the individual measures reflect somewhat distinct components of a highly complex phenotype of maternal parenting.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The associations between the self-report and the behavioural measures were even weaker, which is in line with previous studies. [12][13][14][15] Indeed, it appears that the extracted maternal parenting factors were associated with variables previously shown to relate to variations in maternal care, such as maternal age and education, 39 maternal symptoms of depression, 40 and different child outcome measures.…”

Section: Care Regulation Mother-child Relationship Satisfaction Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although few studies have linked observational measures of maternal behaviour to maternal self‐reported parenting, these studies usually find weak or no associations between these two methodologies . These findings suggest that self‐report assessments and observational measures might measure different aspects of parenting .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 Although few studies have linked observational measures of maternal behaviour to maternal self-reported parenting, these studies usually find weak or no associations between these two methodologies. [12][13][14][15] These findings suggest that self-report assessments and observational measures might measure different aspects of parenting. 13,15 At the same time, these results indicate that self-report assessments in combination with observational measures may provide a more comprehensive picture of parenting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[12][13][14][15] These findings suggest that self-report assessments and observational measures might measure different aspects of parenting. 13,15 At the same time, these results indicate that self-report assessments in combination with observational measures may provide a more comprehensive picture of parenting. 16 Furthermore, single measures of parenting often yield small effects on child outcomes, 1 but these small effects might aggregate to larger effects when both self-report and behavioural observations are combined in the same analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Dissecting maternal care: Patterns of maternal parenting in a prospective cohort study

Unternäehrer

Cost

Bouvette‐Turcot

et al. 2019

J Neuroendocrinology

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Parental care has a strong impact on neurodevelopment and mental health in the offspring. Although numerous animal studies have revealed that the parental brain is a highly complex system involving many brain structures and neuroendocrine systems, human maternal parenting as a multidimensional construct with cognitive, emotional, and behavioural components has not been characterised comprehensively. This unique multi‐method analysis aimed to examine patterns of self‐reported and observed parenting from 6 to 60 months postpartum in a cohort of 496 mothers (mean maternal age = 32 years). Self‐report questionnaires assessed motivational components of mothering, parenting stress, parenting‐related mood, maternal investment, maternal parenting style, mother‐child relationship satisfaction, and mother‐child bonding at multiple time points. Observed parenting variables included the Ainsworth Sensitivity Scales at 6 and 18 months, the Behavioral Evaluation Strategies Taxonomies at 6 months, an Etch‐A‐Sketch cooperation task at 48 months, and the Parent‐Child Early Relationship Assessment at 60 months. To examine whether different latent constructs underlie these measures of maternal parenting, we conducted an exploratory factor analysis. Self‐report measures of parenting correlated only weakly with behavioural observations. Factor analysis on a subsample (n = 197) revealed four latent factors that each explained from 7% to 11% of the variance in the data (32% total variance explained). Based on the loadings of the instruments, the factors were interpreted as: Supportive Parenting, Self‐Enjoyment Parenting, Overwhelmed Parenting, and Affectionate Parenting. These factor scores showed specific associations with maternal education and depressive symptoms, as well as with child outcomes, including maternally reported internalising and externalising behavioural problems, school readiness, and child‐reported symptoms of mental health. These findings parallel the complexity of the parental brain, suggesting that maternal parenting consists of multiple components, each of which is associated with different maternal characteristics and child outcomes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Care Regulation Mother-child Relationship Satisfaction Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Dissecting maternal care: Patterns of maternal parenting in a prospective cohort study

Unternäehrer

Cost

Bouvette‐Turcot

et al. 2019

J Neuroendocrinology

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Parenting adolescents with ASD: A multimethod study

et al. 2018

Self Cite

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A number of studies have concluded that parents of children with ASD experience high levels of parenting stress. However, little is known about their parenting behaviors. Especially parenting in adolescence remains under investigated, although this period is associated with additional challenges for both adolescents and their parents. In this study, 44 adolescents with ASD and a control group of 38 adolescents without ASD, aged 12-16 years old, participated together with their mother. We compared parenting behaviors between the two groups, based on observations of mother-child interactions and a questionnaire that was filled out by the mother. During the observation, mothers of adolescents with ASD showed more sensitivity and creativity, compared to the control group. In addition, the questionnaire responses indicated that mothers in the ASD group adapted the environment more by for example, establishing routines. Furthermore, this study investigated the role of parenting stress and ASD characteristics of the mother on parenting behavior. Parenting stress was associated with less self-reported positive parenting. Higher levels of ASD characteristics of the mother were related to more negativity and less sensitivity during the observation in both groups, and more self-reported harsh punishment and adapting the environment in the control group only.

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Association between autism symptoms and family functioning in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a community-based study

Green

Rinehart

Anderson

et al. 2016

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms are elevated in populations of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study examined cross-sectional associations between ASD symptoms and family functioning in children with and without ADHD. Participants were recruited to a longitudinal cohort study, aged 6-10 years (164 ADHD; 198 controls). ADHD cases were ascertained using community-based screening and diagnostic confirmation from a diagnostic interview. ASD symptoms were measured using the Social Communication Questionnaire. Outcome variables were parent mental health, family quality of life (FQoL), couple conflict and support, and parenting behaviours. After adjustment for a range of child and family factors (including other mental health comorbidities), higher ASD symptoms were associated with poorer FQoL across all three domains; emotional impact (p = 0.008), family impact (p = 0.001) and time impact (p = 0.003). In adjusted analyses by subgroup, parents of children with ADHD+ASD had poorer parent self-efficacy (p = 0.01), poorer FQoL (p ≤ 0.05), with weak evidence of an association for less couple support (p = 0.06), compared to parents of children with ADHD only. Inspection of covariates in the adjusted analyses indicated that the association between ASD symptoms and most family functioning measures was accounted forby child internalising and externalising disorders, ADHD severity, and socioeconomic status; however, ASD symptoms appear to be independently associated with poorer FQoL in children with ADHD. The presence of ASD symptoms in children with ADHD may signal the need for enhanced family support.

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Mothers’ Parenting Behaviors in Families of School-Aged Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Observational and Questionnaire Study

Cited by 38 publications

References 50 publications

Dissecting maternal care: Patterns of maternal parenting in a prospective cohort study

Dissecting maternal care: Patterns of maternal parenting in a prospective cohort study

Parenting adolescents with ASD: A multimethod study

Association between autism symptoms and family functioning in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a community-based study

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