Mothers’ willingness to pay for HPV vaccines in Anambra state, Nigeria: a cross sectional contingent valuation study

Abstract

BackgroundHuman papilloma virus (HPV) vaccination in Nigeria will require substantial financing due to high cost of HPV vaccine and inexistence of structures to support adolescent vaccination. Alternative sources are needed to sustain the government funded HPV vaccination programme. This study assessed Nigerian mothers’ willingness-to-pay (WTP) for HPV vaccine. We also compared the difference between the average WTP and estimated costs of vaccinating a pre-adolescent girl (CVG).MethodsWe conducted a quantitative, cross-sectional, survey-based study in which 50 questionnaires were distributed to each of 10 secondary schools located in two rural and one urban city in Anambra state. The questionnaires were then randomly distributed to girls aged 9–12 years of age to give to their mothers. Contingent valuation approach using the payment card technique was used to estimate the average maximum WTP among the survey participants. Correlates of WTP for HPV vaccination were obtained using multivariate logistic regression. Estimated CVG was obtained by adapting cost of HPV vaccine delivery in Tanzania to the Nigerian setting.ResultsA total of 438 questionnaires (88 %) were returned. The average WTP was US$ 11.68. This is opposed to estimated delivery cost of US$ 18.16 and US$ 19.26 for urban and rural populations respectively at vaccine price offered by the Vaccine Alliance (Gavi) and US$ 35.16 and US$ 36.26 for urban and rural populations respectively at the lowest obtainable public sector vaccine price. Demand for HPV vaccine was deemed high (91.6 %) and was significantly associated with respondents previously diagnosed of HPV infection.ConclusionDemand for HPV vaccine was high although short of estimated CVG. High demand for vaccine should be capitalized upon to increase vaccine uptake. Education on cervical cancer and provider-initiated vaccination should be promoted to increase vaccine uptake. Co-payment could be a feasible financing strategy in the event of national HPV vaccination.

Health professionals’ willingness to pay and associated factors for cervical cancer screening program at College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia

“…This may be due to population difference, the currency inflation, differences in preventive health services studied and the target population appreciation of the usefulness or importance of different preventive health services. However, the result of this study was lower than a study done on WTP for HPV vaccine which was US$ 11.68 in Nigeria [17] and US$ 50.26 in Malaysia [18], and WTP for the clinical preventive services which was US$ 93.72 in South Nigeria [19]. This may be due to differences in socio-status of study participants and program preference.…”

Health professionals’ willingness to pay and associated factors for human papilloma virus vaccination to prevent cervical cancer at College of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia

“…The possible explanation for this may be study population difference, the currency inflation and program differences. But the result of the study was lower than a study done on willingness to pay for HPV vaccine which was US$ 11.68 in Nigeria [16] and US$ 50.26 in Malaysia [17], and WTP for the clinical preventive services which was US$93.72 in South-Nigeria [18]. This may be due to the difference in socioeconomic difference of the participants like per capita income, study population difference.…”

Dengue vaccine acceptance and willingness to pay

“…27 In the context of human papillomavirus vaccine, a study in Nigeria found that vaccine price and experienced illness influenced WTP. 28 In Thailand, analyses of interviews with 2693 respondents demonstrated that attitude toward vaccination, knowledge, history of receiving vaccination, and educational Figure 1. Correlation model between socioeconomic status, knowledge on dengue fever, attitude toward dengue fever, practice on dengue prevention, attitude toward vaccination, dengue vaccine acceptance and willingness to pay for dengue vaccine.…”