Mothers with gestational diabetes are more likely to give birth to children who experience early weight problems

Hakanen, Tiina; Mt, Saha; Salo, Matti K.; Nummi, Tapio; Harjunmaa, Ulla; Lipiäinen, Liudmila; Vuorela, Nina

doi:10.1111/apa.13468

Cited by 37 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The results are consistent with previous studies that reported a positive correlation of maternal hyperglycemia during pregnancy and infant body weight [40,41]. A large cohort study in Finland reported that offspring of GDM mothers were more likely to be overweight at 5, 7, and 12 years of age, and a multinational cross-sectional study found that the odd ratios for obesity (OR = 1.53) and central obesity (OR = 1.73) were higher in offspring of mothers with GDM compared to those without GDM [41]. A previous meta-analysis also found that maternal diabetes was associated with increased infant fat mass and body fat percentage [42].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Association of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus with Offspring Weight Status Across Infancy: A Prospective Birth Cohort Study in China

Hu¹,

Liu²,

Wei³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: The association between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and childhood body weight remains controversial, and additional study is needed, especially in Asian populations.Methods: This prospective study investigated the association between maternal glucose concentration, and GDM status and infant body weight from birth to 12 months of age. Linear mixed effects (LME) models and multiple linear regression were used to assess the longitudinal association of GDM with infant growth measured by weight-for-length (WFLZ), weight-for-age (WFAZ), and length-for-age (LFAZ) z-scores at birth, 1, 3, 6, 8, and 12 months of age.Results: Offspring born to mothers with GDM had higher WFLZ [β: 0.26 SD units (95% CI: 0.13–0.40)] across infancy than those of mothers without GDM. The association was more pronounced in normal-weight and overweight/obese women (P for interaction< 0.05). Multiple linear regression found that the effect estimate of GDM on infant WFLZ was highest at birth [β: 0.32 SD units (95% CI: 0.07– 0.57)], remained significant at 1 [β: 0.24 SD units (95% CI: 0.05–0.43)] and 3 [β:0.20 SD units (95% CI: 0.01–0.39)] months of age and decreased across infancy. Maternal GDM status were not associated with infant WFAZ or LFAZ.Conclusions: Maternal GDM status were associated with infant weight status, the association was more pronounced in normal-weight and overweight/obese women. The study results may contribute to the development interventions to prevent childhood obesity and to better define the target population.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Association of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus with Offspring Weight Status Across Infancy: A Prospective Birth Cohort Study in China

Hu¹,

Liu²,

Wei³

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Maternal obesity measured by BMI at the initiation of pregnancy and gestational weight gain during pregnancy are associated with childhood obesity . Diabetes during pregnancy increases the risk of childhood obesity . Breastfeeding is protective against childhood obesity .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies have begun to investigate the associations between maternal prepregnancy obesity, GDM, and breastfeeding on childhood BMI growth trajectories . These studies assessed these exposures individually and included children with a wide age range from birth to 12 years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

BMI growth trajectory from ages 2 to 6 years and its association with maternal obesity, diabetes during pregnancy, gestational weight gain, and breastfeeding

et al. 2019

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Objective: To identify latent BMI growth trajectories from ages 2 to 6 years and examine their independent associations with maternal prepregnancy obesity or overweight, pre-existing type 1 (T1D) or type 2 diabetes (T2D) or gestational diabetes (GDM) with or without requiring antidiabetic medications during pregnancy, excessive gestational weight gain (EGWG), and breastfeeding ≤ 6 months. Research design and method: Data included 71 892 children born at KaiserPermanente Southern California hospitals in 2007 to 2011 with complete information on maternal risk factors. Group-based trajectory modelling was used to identify latent BMI trajectory groups. Logistic regression was used to assess independent associations adjusted for covariates.Results: Three distinct BMI trajectory groups were identified: Group 1 (59% of the cohort) had stable low BMI, Group 2 (35% of the cohort) had stable median BMI, and Group 3 (6% of the cohort) had high and increasing BMI over time. Relative to Groups 1 and 2 combined, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) (95% CI) of being in Group 3 associated with maternal exposures were 5.6 (5.1-6.2) for prepregnancy obesity, 2.4 (2.2-2.7) for prepregnancy overweight, 2.1 (1.2-3.7) for T1D, 1.6 (1.4-1.8) for T2D, 1.4 (1.3-1.6) for GDM requiring medication treatment, 1.1 (1.0-1.3) for GDM not requiring medication, 1.3 (1.2-1.4) for EGWG, and 1.2 (1.2-1.3) for breastfeeding ≤ 6 months. Conclusion:Child's high and increasing BMI trajectory was strongly associated with maternal prepregnancy obesity and overweight, modestly associated with maternal T1D, T2D, and GDM requiring medication treatment and EGWG, and slightly associated with breastfeeding ≤ 6 months. GDM not requiring medication treatment during pregnancy had little association.

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“…However, we did not assess whether breast-feeding was exclusive or not, which can explain why we did not observe a protective effect of breast-feeding against overweight/obesity. While previous studies questioned the potential relationships between these factors and the development of paediatric obesity, results remain conflicting and further evidence is needed (33)(34)(35)(36) . As expected (11,37) , parental body weight status represents a strong risk factor for paediatric overweight/obesity and children born to obese mothers or fathers, respectively, have a 2•84-or 2•81-fold increase in the risk of exhibiting overweight/obesity at the age of 6-8 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison between type A and type B early adiposity rebound in predicting overweight and obesity in children: a longitudinal study

et al. 2020

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Early adiposity rebound (EAR) predicts paediatric overweight/obesity, but current approaches do not consider both the starting point of EAR and the BMI trajectory. We compared the clinical characteristics at birth, age 3–5 and 6–8 years of children, according to the EAR and to its type (type A/type B-EAR). We assessed the childrenʼs odds of being classified as overweight/obese at age 6–8 years, according to the type of EAR as defined at age 3–5 years. As part of this two-wave observational study, 1055 children were recruited and examined at age 3–5 years. Antenatal and postnatal information was collected through interviews with parents, and weight and height from the health records. Type A and type B-EAR were defined in wave 1 according to the BMI nadir and the variation of BMI z-score between the starting point of the adiposity rebound and the last point on the curve. At 6–8 years (wave 2), 867 children were followed up; 426 (40·4 %) children demonstrated EAR. Among them, 172 had type A-EAR, higher rates of parental obesity (P < 0·05) and greater birth weight compared with other children (P < 0·001). Odds for overweight/obesity at 6–8 years, when adjusting for antenatal and postnatal factors, was 21·35 (95 % CI 10·94, 41·66) in type A-EAR children and not significant in type B-EAR children (OR 1·76; 95 % CI 0·84, 3·68) compared with children without EAR. Classification of EAR into two subtypes provides physicians with a reliable approach to identify children at risk for overweight/obesity before the age of 5 years.

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Mothers with gestational diabetes are more likely to give birth to children who experience early weight problems

Abstract: Children born to mothers with GDM were significantly more likely to be overweight at an early age than those born to nondiabetic mothers.

Cited by 37 publications

References 28 publications

Association of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus with Offspring Weight Status Across Infancy: A Prospective Birth Cohort Study in China

Association of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus with Offspring Weight Status Across Infancy: A Prospective Birth Cohort Study in China

BMI growth trajectory from ages 2 to 6 years and its association with maternal obesity, diabetes during pregnancy, gestational weight gain, and breastfeeding

Comparison between type A and type B early adiposity rebound in predicting overweight and obesity in children: a longitudinal study

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