Motilin-independent ectopic fronts of the interdigestive myoelectric complex in dogs

Poitras, Pierre; Steinbach, Joe Henry; VanDeventer, G.; Code, Charles F.; Walsh, John H.

doi:10.1152/ajpgi.1980.239.3.g215

Cited by 45 publications

(35 citation statements)

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“…[33][34][35][36] In our results, the administration of Daikenchu-to with pirenzepine pretreatment significantly increased plasma somatostatin-IS levels compared with Daikenchu-to alone or placebo, while transient elevations in plasma gastrin-IS were inhibited. Sue et al reported that pirenzepine acts on somatostatin cells (D cells) to promote somatostatin release, thereby indirectly suppressing gastrin release from G cells in the stomach.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Effects of Pirenzepine on Dai-kenchu-to-Induced Elevation of the Plasma Neuropeptide Levels in Humans

Sato

Inoue

Katagiri

et al. 2006

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Dai-kenchu-to (Da-Jian-Zhong-Tang), a traditional Japanese Kampo medicine, is prepared from three different Chinese crude drugs: ninjin (Ginseng radix), sanshou (Zanthoxyli fructus), and kankyou (Zingiberis siccaatum rhizome). Dai-kenchu-to has been used for the treatment of abdominal obstructions, including bowel obstructions and a feeling of coldness in the abdomen. Dai-kenchu-to has recently been evaluated for its clinical usefulness in the treatment and prevention of uncomplicated postoperative adhesive intestinal obstruction and its clinical efficacy has been reported.1) It has been reported that the action of Dai-kenchuto is related to both increments in gastrointestinal motility and intestinal blood flow. [2][3][4] We confirmed that the administration of Dai-kenchu-to causes significant increases in the levels of motilin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), serotonin, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and substance P in human plasma. [5][6][7] These results indicate that the gastrointestinal motor activity of Dai-kenchu-to is closely related to changes in these neuropeptides in human plasma.Nervous mechanisms are important for the regulation of gastrointestinal motility and blood flow. A number of neuropeptides such as CGRP, substance P, and VIP have been localized immunohistochemically in sensory nerves innervating the gastrointestinal tract.8) The release of these peptides is controlled by acetylcholine (ACh) from the preganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic nerve.9-11) Muscarinic receptors are also present on the membrane of motilin-secreting cells, and ACh is a major regulator of motilin release in the gastrointestine. [12][13][14][15] Pirenzepine, an antagonist specific for muscarinic M 1 receptors, suppresses acid output and is used to treat gastritis and peptic ulcers clinically.16) It has also been shown that this drug suppresses the elevation of serum gastrin levels by acting directly or indirectly on gastrin cells (G cells). 17,18) In this study, we examined the effects of pirenzepine on Daikenchu-to-induced elevation of plasma gastrin-, motilin-, somatostatin-, VIP-, CGRP-, and substance P-immunoreactive substance (IS) levels and the area under the plasma neuropeptides concentration-time curve from 0 to 240 min (AUC 0→240 min ) in human volunteers. VOLUNTEERS, MATERIALS, AND METHODSMaterials Dai-kenchu-to (TJ-100), prepared as a dried extract powder of Ginseng radix (3.0 g), Zanthoxyli fructus (2.0 g), and Zingiberis siccaatum rhizome (5.0 g) were purchased from Tsumura Co. Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). Pirenzepine (Gastrozepine tablets) was purchased from Boehringer Ingelheim Co. Ltd. (Hyogo, Japan). The placebo was excipient alone (glucose and maltose) for the above formulations.Synthetic human gastrin I (2-17) was purchased from Sigma Chemicals (St. Louis, MO, U.S.A.) and the VIP fragment peptide was supplied by Professor H. Yajima (Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan). Antisera to gastrin (A600/R1B), VIP (A6054/R1B), and CGRP were purchased from Biogenesis (Poole, U.K.). Antisera to somatos...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Effects of Pirenzepine on Dai-kenchu-to-Induced Elevation of the Plasma Neuropeptide Levels in Humans

Sato

Inoue

Katagiri

et al. 2006

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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“…7,8) In the stomach, somatostatin induces phase-3 activities in the interdigestive state, whereas it inhibits motilin-induced gastrointestinal MMC in the digestive state. 23) In the intestine, somatostatin stimulates peristalsis. 8) In the peristaltic reflex, somatostatin caused descending caudad relaxation via VIP and g-aminobutyric acid release.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Omeprazole Raises Somatostatin and Motilin in Human Plasma

Katagiri

Inoue

Takeyama

2005

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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“…Somatostatin participates in regulating gastrointestinal motility with motilin. [9][10][11][12][13][14] Somatostatin is the first of the gut regulatory peptides (to stimulate MMC-like activity) to have significant therapeutic use of its analogue. 28) Increases in somatostatin might correspond with gastrointestinal motor regulation including the acceleration of gastric emptying by this medicine.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It participates in regulating gastrointestinal motility with motilin. [9][10][11][12][13][14] Motilin has powerful fundic pouch motor-stimulating activity, 15) and is one of the most important factors controlling the regular occurrence of phase-3 contractions of the migrating motor complex (MMC). 16,17) Gastrin stimulates acid secretion and gastrin release is mediated by various mechanisms.…”

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confidence: 99%

Rikkunshi-to Raises Levels of Somatostatin and Gastrin in Human Plasma.

Naito

Yasunaga

Takeyama

2001

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Rikkunshi-to, a traditional Chinese (Kampo) herbal medicine, is prepared from eight crude herbs: Ginseng Radix, Atractylodis Rhizoma, Hoelen, Pinelliae Tuber, Aurantii Nobilis Pericarpium, Zizyphi Fructus, Glycyrrhizae Radix, and Zingiberis Rhizoma. This medicine was evaluated for its clinical usefulness in the treatment of chronic hypofunctions of gastrointestinal tract including gastric flatulence, anorexia, nausea, and vomiting. Recently, those effects of Rikkunshi-to were proved to be based on increased blood flow to the stomach, accelerated gastric emptying, and improved gastric mucosal damage. 1-3)In recent reports, some Chinese herbal medicines used to treat those experiential gastrointestinal effects have been elucidated from the viewpoint of gut-regulated hormone levels. Among the medicines, Ninjin-to and Dai-kenchu-to regulated gastrointestinal motility. One of the factors of those effects was assumed to be due to causing increases in the levels of somatostatin, motilin, gastrin, and VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide) in plasma. [4][5][6][7] Furthermore, the abnormality of gastrointestinal motility of non-ulcer dyspepsia as an indication of Rikkunshi-to was presumed to be caused by the obstruction of the automatic nervous system and by abnormal hormone levels.8) Therefore, we examined the plasma levels of gut-regulated peptides (somatostatin, motilin, gastrin, and VIP).Somatostatin acts as an inhibitor of hormone release. It participates in regulating gastrointestinal motility with motilin. [9][10][11][12][13][14] Motilin has powerful fundic pouch motor-stimulating activity, 15) and is one of the most important factors controlling the regular occurrence of phase-3 contractions of the migrating motor complex (MMC). 16,17) Gastrin stimulates acid secretion and gastrin release is mediated by various mechanisms.18) VIP is widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous system. 19) This peptide has a vasodilating effect and is an important neurotransmitter for the enteric nervous system. [20][21][22] The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of Rikkunshi-to on the plasma levels of somatostatin-, motilin-, gastrin-, and VIP-immunoreactive substances (IS) in healthy subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODSMaterials Rikkunshi-to (EK-43, lot. 26L99), prepared as a 4.1 g dried powder extract in the following proportions: Ginseng Radix (4.0 g), Atractylodis Rhizoma (4.0 g), Hoelen (4.0 g), Pinelliae Tuber (4.0 g), Aurantii Nobilis Pericarpium (2.0 g), Zizyphi Fructus (2.0 g), Glycyrrhizae Radix (1.0 g), and Zingiberis Rhizoma (0.5 g), was kindly supplied by Kanebo Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). An additive, consisting of EK-43, was used as a placebo. Synthetic somatostatin, porcine motilin, human gastrin I (G17), and VIP were purchased from Peptide Institute, Inc. (Osaka, Japan). An antiserum to somatostatin was purchased from Cambridge Res. Biochem. (Cambridge, U.K.). Antisera to motilin (A602/ R1B), gastrin (A600/R1B), and VIP (A604/R1B) were purchased from Biogenesis, Ltd. (Poole, U.K.). All other rea...

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Motilin-independent ectopic fronts of the interdigestive myoelectric complex in dogs

Cited by 45 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of Pirenzepine on Dai-kenchu-to-Induced Elevation of the Plasma Neuropeptide Levels in Humans

Effects of Pirenzepine on Dai-kenchu-to-Induced Elevation of the Plasma Neuropeptide Levels in Humans

Omeprazole Raises Somatostatin and Motilin in Human Plasma

Rikkunshi-to Raises Levels of Somatostatin and Gastrin in Human Plasma.

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