Motion-Based Routing and Transmission Power Control in Wireless Body Area Networks

Abstract

Wireless body area networks (WBANs) are characterized by large fluctuations in channel losses due to body shadowing. These fluctuations follow the patterns of the user's body movements. For example, in the case of walking and running, channel losses follow cyclical patterns. This paper presents an algorithm for transmission power control (TPC) and dynamic routing in WBANs when the user performs periodic body movements. The objective of the algorithm is to decrease the average power consumption to deliver packets to a common sink provided that a desired packet delivery rate (PDR) is guaranteed. This problem is important in WBANs given that replacing batteries is detrimental to several applications of WBANs, especially when sensors of the WBAN are implanted on the user's body. To the best of our knowledge, the proposed algorithm is the first to consider the joint problem of TPC and dynamic routing while not relying on non-local data (i.e., measurements of received power). This characteristic is important because traditional algorithms rely on data not local to transmitters, so these data have to be transmitted, consuming power unnecessarily. Traditional algorithms are also limited to the star topology only, so routing is not considered, which decreases network connectivity and transmission-power savings. The proposed algorithm is implemented on a WBAN of Shimmer wireless sensors. Experimental results show a reduction in power consumption of 23.4% to 50.4% when compared against transmissions at maximum power and a PDR within 5.6% of the desired value. The power consumption of the overhead of the proposed algorithm can be as small as 11% of that one of traditional algorithms. The algorithm's complexity is shown to be O(N 3), where N is the number of sensors. Finally, the algorithm is compared with traditional algorithms which reduce power consumption by 39.0% on average at most.

Selected Energy Consumption Aspects of Sensor Data Transmission in Distributed Multi-Microcontroller Embedded Systems

“…According to the current state of the channel, the minimum level of signal power is adjusted to ensure effective delivery of the packet to the destination node. Various schemes have been proposed, e.g., [44][45][46][47][48][49][50], that can be used to control the transmission power in WSNs.…”

Long short‐term memory‐based power‐aware algorithm for prompt heterogenous activity

“…It uses the mean square estimation and filter memory to choose the adaptive channel gain predictor for each iteration. The motion‐based routing and TPC algorithm 20 determines the route to reach the sink node with low power consumption. It chooses the routing path based on the movement of the person.…”

PEDTARA: Priority-Based Energy Efficient, Delay and Temperature Aware Routing Algorithm Using Multi-Objective Genetic Chaotic Spider Monkey Optimization for Critical Data Transmission in WBANs

“…However, this model does not have a provision for resolving the conflicts between different priority data. Newell and Vejarano [23] developed a motion-based routing and transmission power control approach that reduces the power consumption during the patient periodic body movements. This strategy increased the packet delivery ratio by 5.6% while reducing the power consumption by 39%.…”