“…The amplitude of the action potentials detected by extraneural interfaces is much lower than in the case of intraneural interfaces and depends on the distance of the electrodes from the active axons [12]. Extraneural interfaces have been widely applied in acute studies of motor behavior, for recording and stimulation of peripheral nerves of cats [38,39,41,42], rabbits [9,43,44], dogs [45,46], rodents [47], human models [48], and human subjects [49][50][51][52][53][54]. Previous work [55] on the development and implementation of FINE has achieved many breakthroughs, including (i) a high degree of selectivity, as estimated by indi vidual fascicle recording; (ii) use of blind source algorithms to decode motor commands; and (iii) (by employing arrays of interfaces along the peripheral nerve) excitation of fibers hav ing small diameters before large fibers, thereby reversing the usual recruitment order.…”