2020
DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4364
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Motion correction methods for MRS: experts' consensus recommendations

Abstract: Long acquisition times due to intrinsically low signal-to-noise ratio and the need for highly homogeneous B 0 field make MRS particularly susceptible to motion or scanner instability compared with MRI. Motion-induced changes in both localization and shimming (ie B 0 homogeneity) degrade MRS data quality. To mitigate the effects of motion three approaches can be employed: (1) subject immobilization, (2) retrospective correction, and (3) prospective real-time correction using internal and/or external tracking me… Show more

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Cited by 51 publications
(71 citation statements)
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References 102 publications
(239 reference statements)
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“…Prospectively gated acquisitions 59 are relatively easy to implement and have the advantage of confining the volume of acquisition more precisely to the prescribed volume, but are constrained to use a relatively long T R . Whenever available, prospective volume tracking methods should be used, [60][61][62] ideally in conjunction with dynamic linear shim corrections, 63 because even when the VOI position is updated in real time, the spectral quality can degrade substantially without dynamic shim updates. 64 4.4 | Recommendations for data analysis: QC…”
Section: Mitigation Of Motion Artifactsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Prospectively gated acquisitions 59 are relatively easy to implement and have the advantage of confining the volume of acquisition more precisely to the prescribed volume, but are constrained to use a relatively long T R . Whenever available, prospective volume tracking methods should be used, [60][61][62] ideally in conjunction with dynamic linear shim corrections, 63 because even when the VOI position is updated in real time, the spectral quality can degrade substantially without dynamic shim updates. 64 4.4 | Recommendations for data analysis: QC…”
Section: Mitigation Of Motion Artifactsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The main advantage of prospective methods is the direct measurement of the desired k‐space data, avoiding estimation errors because of missing k‐space data 20,46 . Additionally, the combination of prospective and retrospective methods can be advantageous to correct residual errors of the prospective system 17,47 Correction of temporal changes in receiver coil sensitivities: a dynamic normalization factor was derived from interleaved M 0 magnitude acquisitions and further applied to the dynamic glucose‐enhanced (DGEρ) contrast metric.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Several approaches have been proposed to mitigate motion artifacts in MR imaging and spectroscopy. [15][16][17] They can be divided into prospective and retrospective methods. Prospective strategies track the displacement of the object and allow the update of the slice position and orientation in real-time by adjusting magnetic field gradients and RF pulses.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…More details can be found in excellent review articles and textbooks that describe the general basics of 1 H-MRS, [29][30][31][32] including other papers in this special issue. [33][34][35][36][37][38][39] Only muscle-specific facets of these issues that arise from the highly structured anatomy and the unique physiology and metabolism of skeletal muscle are discussed in the following sections.…”
Section: Common Aspects Of 1 H-mrs In Different Organsmentioning
confidence: 99%