Motion Perception: From Detection to Interpretation

Nishida, Shin’ya; Kawabe, Takahiro; Sawayama, Masataka; Fukiage, Taiki

doi:10.1146/annurev-vision-091517-034328

Cited by 38 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 143 publications

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“…One way to quantify the dynamic deformation is to measure the movement pattern through analyzing features of the optical flow fields extracted from the videos. Previous research suggests that humans could use distortions in the optical flow fields to estimate mechanical properties (e.g., softness) of an object (Bi, Jin, Nienborg, & Xiao, 2018;Kawabe, Maruya, Fleming, & Nishida, 2015;Nishida, Kawabe, Sawayama, & Fukiage, 2018;Paulun et al, 2017;van Assen, Citation: Bi, W., Jin, P., Nienborg, H., & Xiao, B. (2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manipulating patterns of dynamic deformation elicits the impression of cloth with varying stiffness

Jin

Nienborg

et al. 2019

Journal of Vision

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Cloth is a common material, and humans can visually estimate its mechanical properties by observing how it deforms under external forces. Here, we ask whether and how dynamic deformation can affect the perception of mechanical properties of cloth. In Experiment 1, we find that both intrinsic mechanical properties and optical properties affect stiffness perception when the stimuli are presented as images. By contrast, in videos, humans can partially discount the effect of optical appearances and exhibit higher sensitivity to stiffness. We further identified an idiosyncratic deformation pattern (i.e., movement uniformity) to differentiate stiffness, which can be reliably measured by six optical flow features. In Experiment 2, we isolate the deformation by creating dynamic dot stimuli from the 3-D mesh of the cloth. We directly alter the movement pattern by manipulating the uniformity of the displacement vectors on the dot stimuli and show that changing the pattern of dynamic deformation alone can alter the perceived stiffness of cloth in a variety of scene setups. Furthermore, by analyzing optical flow fields extracted from the manipulated dynamic dot stimuli, we confirmed the same six optical flow features can be diagnostic of the degree of stiffness of moving cloth across different scenes. Overall, our study demonstrates that manipulating patterns of dynamic deformation alone can elicit the impression of cloth with varying stiffness, suggesting that the human visual system might rely on the idiosyncratic pattern of dynamic deformation for estimating stiffness.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manipulating patterns of dynamic deformation elicits the impression of cloth with varying stiffness

Jin

Nienborg

et al. 2019

Journal of Vision

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“…More specifically, we synthesise the available evidence on the physiological drivers and signatures of movement. As our aim is to link this condition-dependence to ecology, we do not review the current neurobiological basis of movement decisions as in [13][14][15][16], nor the physiology behind wing development in insects [17,18] but instead provide a synthesis on (1) how physiological state as measured in its most coarse way by body condition correlates with movement decisions related to foraging, migration and dispersal, (2) how changes in stress hormones underlie changes in these movement strategies and (3) whether these can be related to alternative Fig. 1 Setting the scene.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The physiology of movement

et al. 2020

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Movement, from foraging to migration, is known to be under the influence of the environment. The translation of environmental cues to individual movement decision making is determined by an individual's internal state and anticipated to balance costs and benefits. General body condition, metabolic and hormonal physiology mechanistically underpin this internal state. These physiological determinants are tightly, and often genetically linked with each other and hence central to a mechanistic understanding of movement. We here synthesise the available evidence of the physiological drivers and signatures of movement and review (1) how physiological state as measured in its most coarse way by body condition correlates with movement decisions during foraging, migration and dispersal, (2) how hormonal changes underlie changes in these movement strategies and (3) how these can be linked to molecular pathways. We reveale that a high body condition facilitates the efficiency of routine foraging, dispersal and migration. Dispersal decision making is, however, in some cases stimulated by a decreased individual condition. Many of the biotic and abiotic stressors that induce movement initiate a physiological cascade in vertebrates through the production of stress hormones. Movement is therefore associated with hormone levels in vertebrates but also insects, often in interaction with factors related to body or social condition. The underlying molecular and physiological mechanisms are currently studied in few model species, and show-in congruence with our insights on the role of body condition-a central role of energy metabolism during glycolysis, and the coupling with timing processes during migration. Molecular insights into the physiological basis of movement remain, however, highly refractory. We finalise this review with a critical reflection on the importance of these physiological feedbacks for a better mechanistic understanding of movement and its effects on ecological dynamics at all levels of biological organization.

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“…Furthermore, recognizing materials in natural environments likely entails integrating spatiotemporally segregated information into coherent percepts, similar to when detecting animate objects (think of detecting a tiger through long, swaying grass). Given that many brain regions are sensitive to certain kinds of motion structure (for reviews see Erlikhman et al, 2018;Kourtzi et al, 2008;Nishida et al, 2018), it is surprising that only very few studies have investigated the neural mechanisms involved in material perception using dynamic stimuli (but see Okazawa et al 2012;Kam et al 2015;see Sun et al 2016a for binocular stimuli). These studies investigated the neural mechanisms of gloss perception using rigid objects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic dot displays reveal material motion network in the human brain

Schmid

Boyacı

Doerschner

2020

Preprint

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1There is growing research interest in the neural mechanisms underlying the recognition of 2 material categories and properties. This research field, however, is relatively recent and limited 3 compared to investigations of the neural mechanisms underlying object and scene category 4 recognition. Motion is particularly important for the perception of non-rigid materials, but the 5 neural basis of non-rigid material motion remains unexplored. Using fMRI we investigated 6 whether brain regions respond differentially to material motion versus other motions. Stimuli 7 were dynamic dot animations that induce vivid percepts of various materials in motion, e.g. 8 flapping cloth, liquid waves, wobbling jelly. Control stimuli were scrambled motion and rigid 9 three-dimensional rotating dots. We used a block design and the general linear model to contrast 10

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Motion Perception: From Detection to Interpretation

Cited by 38 publications

References 143 publications

Manipulating patterns of dynamic deformation elicits the impression of cloth with varying stiffness

Manipulating patterns of dynamic deformation elicits the impression of cloth with varying stiffness

The physiology of movement

Dynamic dot displays reveal material motion network in the human brain

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