Motivated Thinking

Molden, Daniel C.; Higgins, E. Tory

doi:10.4135/9781452257044.n196

Cited by 24 publications

(39 citation statements)

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“…Differences between the result of state actors and the result of non-state actors may be due to differences in perspectives of each other's aspects, especially their legitimate rights, role, capacity and motivation (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15) , which often impede the effective implementation of public policy. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These differences reflect different perspectives and values of the different stakeholders (10) . For example, it is possible that cognitive (16) and/or motivational (13) biases of state actors led to their more positive assessment. On the other hand, the non-state actors are, for the most part, not exposed to the 'on ground' implementation of the relevant policies, so they may not have had complete information regarding the level of implementation.…”

Section: Domainmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Level of implementation of best practice policies for creating healthy food environments: assessment by state and non-state actors in Thailand

Phulkerd¹,

Vandevijvere²,

Lawrence³

et al. 2016

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To determine and compare the level of implementation of policies for healthy food environments in Thailand with reference to international best practice by state and non-state actors. Design: Data on the current level of implementation of food environment policies were assessed independently using the adapted Healthy Food Environment Policy Index (Food-EPI) by two groups of actors. Concrete actions were proposed for Thai Government. A joint meeting between both groups was subsequently held to reach consensus on priority actions. Setting: Thailand. Subjects: Thirty state actors and twenty-seven non-state actors. Results: Level of policy implementation varied across different domains and actor groups. State actors rated implementation levels higher than non-state actors. Both state and non-state actors rated level of implementation of monitoring of BMI highest. Level of implementation of policies promoting in-store availability of healthy foods and policies increasing tax on unhealthy foods were rated lowest by state and non-state actors, respectively. Both groups reached consensus on eleven priority actions for implementation, focusing on food provision in public-sector settings, food composition, food promotion, leadership, monitoring and intelligence, and food trade. Conclusions: Although the implementation gaps identified and priority actions proposed varied between state and non-state actors, both groups achieved consensus on a comprehensive food policy package to be implemented by the Thai Government to improve the healthiness of food environments. This consensus is a platform for continued policy dialogue towards cross-sectoral policy coherence and effective actions to address the growing burden of non-communicable diseases and obesity in Thailand.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Domainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Level of implementation of best practice policies for creating healthy food environments: assessment by state and non-state actors in Thailand

Phulkerd¹,

Vandevijvere²,

Lawrence³

et al. 2016

Public Health Nutr.

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show abstract

“…However, prevention-focused individuals may find greater relevance in their feelings concerning the protection from loss that forgiveness would bring. Their strategies involve vigilantly ensuring security and the absence of losses, even at the risk of forgoing alternative courses of action that could lead to gains (Higgins & Molden, 2003;Molden & Higgins, 2005;Molden et al, 2008). This study further develops these ideas by measuring beliefs and costs of forgiveness and relating them to forgiveness motivation and well-being.…”

Section: Beliefs About Costs and Benefits Of Forgiveness Motivation mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The particular strategies promotion-focused individuals use to pursue their goal primarily involve eagerly seeking gains and advancement, even at the risk of committing errors and accepting losses (Higgins & Molden, 2003;Molden & Higgins, 2005;Molden et al, 2008). However, prevention-focused individuals may find greater relevance in their feelings concerning the protection from loss that forgiveness would bring.…”

Section: Beliefs About Costs and Benefits Of Forgiveness Motivation mentioning

confidence: 99%

To Forgive or Not to Forgive? Beliefs About Costs and Benefits of Forgiveness, Motivation to Forgive and Well-Being

Rijavec¹,

Jurčec²,

Olčar³

2013

Drustvena istrazivanja

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The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between beliefs about costs and benefits of forgiveness, motivation to forgive and well-being. Motivation to forgive was measured by TRIM Inventory consisting of three scales -avoidance, revenge and benevolence motivation. Well-being was measured by Life satisfaction scale and PANAS. The scales for measuring beliefs about costs and benefits of forgiveness (CBFS) were specially developed for this study. Two factors of beliefs about benefits of forgiveness (benefits for oneself and benefits for the other/relationship) and two factors of beliefs about costs of forgiveness (failure to protect oneself and failure to educate the offender) were revealed. Results of multiple regression revealed two significant predictors of life satisfaction, belief in benefits of the forgiveness for the other/relationship as positive predictor and failure to protect oneself as cost of forgiveness as negative predictor. Failure to protect oneself and revenge motivation were positive predictors, and belief in benefits of the forgiveness for the other/relationship was negative predictor of negative affect. There were no significant predictors of positive affect. Results suggest that believing in benefits of forgiveness rather than in costs can improve our well-being by increasing life satisfaction and lowering negative affect.

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“…motivated reasoning) provides a compelling explanation of the failure of most efforts to improve citizen knowledge and reduce political misperceptions (for reviews of this literature, see Kunda 1990 andMolden andHiggins 2005). It has been wellunderstood for decades that people show biases toward messages that confirm their previous views and against messages that contradict or undermine those views (e.g.…”

Section: Can Testimony Increase Persuasiveness?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The limited effects of testimony on political persuasion

Nyhan

2010

Public Choice

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The procedure of witness testimony and cross-examination under oath, which is institutionalized in the court system and in Congress, may increase the credibility of political messages by strengthening perceived incentives for truth-telling. In this paper, I test the hypothesis that testimony can increase the persuasiveness of empirical claims in realistic political settings. However, results from a large number of experiments, including numerous national survey experiments, indicate that describing statements as being made in Congressional or court testimony rarely generates significant change in respondents' beliefs or attitudes-a result that is robust to numerous experimental design variations.A preliminary version of this paper was presented at

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Motivated Thinking

Cited by 24 publications

References 0 publications

Level of implementation of best practice policies for creating healthy food environments: assessment by state and non-state actors in Thailand

Level of implementation of best practice policies for creating healthy food environments: assessment by state and non-state actors in Thailand

To Forgive or Not to Forgive? Beliefs About Costs and Benefits of Forgiveness, Motivation to Forgive and Well-Being

The limited effects of testimony on political persuasion

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