1975
DOI: 10.3138/cmlr.31.3.218
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Motivation and Second-Language Acquisition

Abstract: This paper posits four stages of language acquisition, identified as elemental, consolidation, conscious expression, and automaticity and thought, and considers the role of motivation in this process. It distinguishes between two types of motivation, language learning motivation and classroom motivation, indicating how these relate to two distinct contexts, the cultural and the educational through their influence on integrativeness and attitudes toward the learning situation. It discusses how the two types of … Show more

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Cited by 153 publications
(180 citation statements)
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“…Motivation in learning second language can be affected by positive behaviour towards second language (Clement, Dornyei & Noels, 1994). This is also supported by Gardner (2007) (Hochschild, 2003;Ashkanasy & Daus, 2001). Interesting and fun classroom can encourage students to engage in learning (Boekaerts, 2010).…”
Section: Students' Motivation In Second Language Classroommentioning
confidence: 76%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Motivation in learning second language can be affected by positive behaviour towards second language (Clement, Dornyei & Noels, 1994). This is also supported by Gardner (2007) (Hochschild, 2003;Ashkanasy & Daus, 2001). Interesting and fun classroom can encourage students to engage in learning (Boekaerts, 2010).…”
Section: Students' Motivation In Second Language Classroommentioning
confidence: 76%
“…There are two dimensions of motivation in second language learning: motivation to take any opportunity to learn language and motivation in language learning situation (Gardner, 2007). This is relevant to Dornyei's (1994) concept of motivation in language learning who argues that there are three elements of motivation in second language learning: motivation relating to the content of subject, relating to teacher and group.…”
Section: Students' Motivation In Second Language Classroommentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Learners with positive attitudes are more likely to achieve better success than those with negative attitudes towards the learning of the L2 language (Dörnyei, 1994;Feenstra, 1967;Gardner, 1960;Gardner & Lambert, 1959;Lambert, Gardner, Olton, & Tunstall, 1968;Svanes, 1988). When their attitudes are positive, they are more inclined to become motivated to learn the language and accordingly more willing to dedicate more time and effort to the learning endeavor (Culhane, 2004;Gardner, 1968;Gardner, Masgoret, & Tremblay, 1999), as well as more behaviourally, cognitively, and affectively engaged in learning the L2 (Gardner, 2007).…”
Section: Learner Attitudes and L2 Acquisitionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Learners with positive attitudes are more likely to achieve better success than those with negative attitudes towards the learning of the L2 language (Dörnyei, 1994;Feenstra, 1967;Gardner, 1960;Gardner & Lambert, 1959;Lambert, Gardner, Olton, & Tunstall, 1968;Svanes, 1988). When their attitudes are positive, they are more inclined to become motivated to learn the language and accordingly more willing to dedicate more time and effort to the learning endeavor (Culhane, 2004;Gardner, 1968;Gardner, Masgoret, & Tremblay, 1999), as well as more behaviourally, cognitively, and affectively engaged in learning the L2 (Gardner, 2007).For example, in their comparative study, Scott, Bell, and McCallum (2009) found that students who were less positive about L2 learning performed more poorly than those who were more positive even though both groups of the students wanted to learn the target language well. The reason is that attitudes can indirectly affect language performance through motivation (Gardner, Lalonde, Moorcroft, & Evers, 1987).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…He indicated that instrumental motivation is defined as the desire to achieve proficiency in a language for utilitarian, or practical reasons, may also related proficiency and thus; it will encourage performers to interact with second language speakers in order to achieve certain ends. Gardner (2007) educational context and cultural context have vital role in the formation of motivation. Skehan (1989) made distinguishes among four main sources of motivation.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%