Motivation enhances control of positive and negative emotional distractions

Walsh, Amy; Carmel, David; Harper, David A. T.; Grimshaw, Gina M.

doi:10.31219/osf.io/yt74g

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In some of this work, motivation has been shown to interact with attentional processes, towards shared control over the processing of presented stimuli. For instance, Engelmann & Pessoa (2014) have demonstrated that the presence of reward can improve orienting and reorienting towards exogenous cues, at least in part through a sharpening of attention; and Walsh, et al (2018) have demonstrated that increased motivation can promote reduced distractibility from both positive and negative emotional stimuli (see also Padmala and Pessoa, 2014). In other work, the influence of motivation on resource allocation has been shown to be completely independent of attention, such that both motivation and attention invoke separate influence over stimulus reactivity (see Raymond, 2009;Raymond & O'Brien, 2009).…”

Section: A Motivational Framework For Psychopathymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Motivational Framework for Psychopathy: Toward a Reconceptualization of the Disorder

Groat¹,

Shane²

2019

Preprint

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The link between psychopathy and violence has been well documented. Estimates have psychopathic offenders responsible for as much as 40% of violence-related crime (e.g., Hare, 1999; extrapolated from Serin, 1991), and show rates of violent recidivism up to five times higher than non-psychopathic offenders (Hemphill, Hare, & Wong, 1998). Existing theories of the disorder argue that this violence stems from core insensitivity to emotional/aversive information, or from core inability to optimally allocate processing resources in complex environments. However, some newer findings have been difficult for existing theories to assimilate; moreover, successful treatment programs based off current conceptualizations have been slow to develop With this in mind, the current paper proposes a new motivational framework for considering psychopathy, within which the disorder is conceptualized as stemming from more strategic, motivated processes. The paper begins by reviewing traditional theories of psychopathy and highlighting their explanatory strengths and limitations. The proposed motivational framework is then outlined, and a supportive rationale for the framework provided. Next, the paper undertakes a selective review of some of the most empirically-supported features of the disorder, in order to highlight how these features may be productively reformulated within a motivational framework. Finally, the paper suggests several methods through which an empirical evaluation of the proposed ideas may be undertaken, and explores potential implications of a motivational framework for next-generation rehabilitation and treatment opportunities.

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Section: A Motivational Framework For Psychopathymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Motivational Framework for Psychopathy: Toward a Reconceptualization of the Disorder

Groat¹,

Shane²

2019

Preprint

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“…33 We modified a well-validated cognitive task that assesses inhibitory control, in which participants are instructed to perform a cognitive task with emotionally or motivationally salient stimuli as distractors. 34 In the current study, we assessed inhibitory control over gaming-related distractors after tDCS. We also assessed background and cue-induced cravings before and after tDCS.…”

Section: Clinical Trials No: Nct03352973mentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of single-session transcranial direct current stimulation on addiction-related inhibitory control and craving: a randomized trial in males with Internet gaming disorder

Potenza

Zhou

et al. 2021

jpn

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Background: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) may reduce substance use and other addictive behaviours. However, the cognitive mechanisms that underpin such effects remain unclear. Impaired inhibitory control linked to hypoactivation of the prefrontal cortex may allow craving-related motivations to lead to compulsive addictive behaviours. However, very few studies have examined whether increasing the activation of the dlPFC via anodal tDCS could enhance inhibitory control over addiction-related distractors. The current study aimed to enrich empirical evidence related to this issue. Methods: Thirty-three males with Internet gaming disorder underwent active (1.5 mA for 20 minutes) and sham tDCS 1 week apart, in randomized order. We assessed inhibitory control over gaming-related distractors and craving pre- and post-stimulation. Results: Relative to sham treatment, active tDCS reduced interference from gaming-related (versus non-gaming) distractors and attenuated background craving, but did not affect cue-induced craving. Limitations: This study was limited by its relatively small sample size and the fact that it lacked assessments of tDCS effects on addictive behaviour. Future tDCS studies with multiple sessions in larger samples are warranted to examine the effects on addictive behaviours of alterations in addiction-related inhibitory control. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that stimulation of the dlPFC influences inhibitory control over addiction-related cues and addiction-related motivation. This is the first empirical study to suggest that enhanced inhibitory control may be a cognitive mechanism underlying the effects of tDCS on addictions like Internet gaming disorder. Our finding of attenuated background craving replicated previous tDCS studies. Intriguingly, our finding of distinct tDCS effects on 2 forms of craving suggests that they may have disparate underlying mechanisms or differential sensitivity to tDCS. Clinical Trials No.: NCT03352973

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“…On the other hand, there are many more studies on the positive correlation between motivation and attention. For example, motivation as a reward influences the improvement of distraction control [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between Motivation and Performance of University Students

Nolé¹,

Higuera-Trujillo²,

Marín‐Morales³

et al. 2021

INTED2021 Proceedings

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Different variables affect the performance of university students. Motivation is one of them, so teachers try to enhance it through their teaching methodologies. However, most of the studies focused on the influence of motivation come from a single experimental situation, so extrinsic variables such as the specific design of the classroom could be affecting it simultaneously. Therefore, although there are reasons to consider that higher motivation helps to increase cognitive performance, the quantification of this relationship is not clear. This was the aim of the present study: to evaluate the relationship of motivation in students' cognitive performance in different design situations, so that the design effect is diluted. For this purpose, a field study was conducted. 100 university students carried out cognitive performance tests in two very different real classrooms, after which they were asked about their motivation. The quantification of performance focused on memory (remembering an auditory list of words, similar to the experiments based on the DRM paradigm) and attention (reaction time to auditory stimuli, similar to the auditory and continuous performance experiments). The quantification of motivation was done through the Spanish version of the EMSI scale, making it possible to discern between intrinsic motivation, external regulation, identified regulation, and amotivation. The results show that there are very strong relationships between motivation and performance in attention and memory; especially in attention. Results may be of interest for educators and for researchers.

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Motivation enhances control of positive and negative emotional distractions

Cited by 7 publications

References 15 publications

A Motivational Framework for Psychopathy: Toward a Reconceptualization of the Disorder

A Motivational Framework for Psychopathy: Toward a Reconceptualization of the Disorder

Efficacy of single-session transcranial direct current stimulation on addiction-related inhibitory control and craving: a randomized trial in males with Internet gaming disorder

The Relationship Between Motivation and Performance of University Students

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