Motivation for physical activity and exercise in severe mental illness: A systematic review of intervention studies

Abstract

There has been increasing interest for research on motivation for physical activity (PA) and exercise among individuals with severe mental illness (SMI). The aim of this systematic review is to summarize findings from all intervention studies on PA or exercise that either include empirical data on motivational constructs or apply motivational techniques/theories in their intervention. Systematic searches of seven databases were conducted from database inception to February 2015. Studies were eligible if they: (i) included participants with SMI, (ii) had PA as part of the intervention, and (iii) reported empirical data on motivational constructs related to PA or incorporated motivational techniques/theory in their intervention. Of the 79 studies that met the inclusion criteria only one had motivation for PA as its main outcome. Nine additional interventions reported empirical data on motivational constructs. Altogether these studies yielded mixed results with respect to change in motivational constructs. Only one of those examined the association between motivation and PA, but found none. Sixty-four studies reported using motivational techniques/theory in their intervention. Motivational interviewing and goal-setting were the most popular techniques. Due to the exploratory nature of most of these studies, findings from intervention studies do not so far give very clear directions for motivational work with the patients. There is an urgent need for a more systematic theory based approach when developing strategies that target to increase engagement in PA among people with SMI.

The views and habits of the individuals with mental illness about physical activity and nutrition

“…The results of this study are similar to the results of the studies in the literature . Having the will and motivation are important to increase physical activities . The studies in the literature report that individuals with mental illness lack the motivation to attend and sustain physical activities .…”

Barriers to and motivators for physical activity among people with Type 2 diabetes: patients' perspectives

“…Identifying and understanding the causes of physical activity behaviour is essential for developing lifestyle modification programmes designed to promote exercise . Barriers to participation in regular physical activity have been studied in various populations . Common obstacles include lack of time, health problems, bad weather, environmental considerations such as convenient access, safety and cost, lack of social support, professional guidance, and lack of self‐efficacy .…”

“…33, -1685Med. 33, (2016 been studied in various populations [9][10][11][12][13]. Common obstacles include lack of time, health problems, bad weather, environmental considerations such as convenient access, safety and cost, lack of social support, professional guidance, and lack of self-efficacy [11,14].…”

Randomized controlled trial of cognitive-motivational therapy program (PIPE) for the initial phase of schizophrenia: Maintenance of efficacy at 5-year follow up✰

“…Given that the "critical period" for patients with schizophrenia comes in the first 5 years, (Birchwood, Todd, & Jackson, 1998;Lutgens et al, 2015), treatment during this period alleviates the impact of the disorder. Along these lines, other studies incorporating motivational interview techniques have also attained excellent results (Barrowclough, 2011;Barrowclough et al, 2010;Beebe et al, 2012;Farholm & Sørensen, 2016;Fiszdon et al, 2016;Haddock et al, 2004;Vanderwaal, 2015;Wai et al, 2015).…”

“…Motivational interview (MI) were initially designed for substance abuse treatment (Miller & Rollnick, 1991),but they have also been applied to the treatment of schizophrenia. Some research has shown this method to be effective, although most of the existing evidence does concern substance abuse ( Baker et al, 2002;Graeber, Moyers, Griffith, Guajardo, & Tonigan, 2003;La Pietra, 2006;Martino, Carroll, Nich, & Rounsaville, 2006;Martino et al, 2000;Steinberg, Ziedonis, Krejci, & Brandon, 2004;Swanson, Pantalon, & Cohen, 1999), adherence to pharmacological treatment regimens (Depp, Lebowitz, Lacro, & Jeste, 2007;Drake et al, 2015;Fiszdon, Kurtz, Choi, Bell, & Martino, 2016;Kemp, Hayward, Applewhaite, Everitt, & David, 1996;Kemp, Kirov, Everitt, Hayward, & David, 1998;McCracken & Corrigan, 2008;O'Donnell et al, 2003;Rusch & Corrigan, 2002) and encouragement of physical exercise (Beebe et al, 2011(Beebe et al, , 2012Farholm & Sørensen, 2016). Other studies along similar lines have looked at aspects such as goal assessment (Corrigan, McCracken, & Holmes, 2001)and the development of insight (Rusch & Corrigan, 2002).…”