“…This absence of variation differs from the results of an important number of studies, which have reported a female advantage (for example, Sung & Padilla 1998;Dörnyei & Csizér, 2002;Mori and Gobel, 2006;Henry & Apelgren, 2008;Dabbagh & Khajehpour, 2011;Henry 2012). In addition, the fact that there are not statistically significant gender differences in the types of motivation levels stands in contrast to earlier findings, (for example, Dörnyei & Clement, 2001;Dörnyei & Csizér, 2002;Dörnyei, Csizér & Németh, 2006), which concluded that girls obtain higher levels of both types of motivation. The present study's results are, however, in agreement with the research conducted by Azarnoosh and Birjandi (2012), who observed no differences in the attitude of males and females junior high school students.…”