Motivational and Ability Determinants of Young Children's Intellectual Achievement Behaviors

Motivational Factors Influencing Teaching as a Career Choice: Development and Validation of the FIT-Choice Scale

“…Expectancy-value theory is one of the major frameworks for achievement motivation, beginning with Atkinson (1957), being further developed by Battle (1965), Crandall et al (Crandall, 1969;Crandall, Katkovsky, & Preston, 1962), and more recently by Feather (1982Feather ( , 1988Feather ( , 1992 and Eccles et al (Eccles, 1984;Eccles [Parsons] et al, 1983;Eccles, Adler, & Meece, 1984;Wigfield, 1994;Wigfield & Eccles, 1992). In general, expectancy-value theorists have regarded success expectancies and task valuation as major determinants of motivation for academic choices, with more distal influences consisting of socialization and perceptions of previous experience.…”

Cross-Cultural Research With the Locus of Control Construct

“…It would be expected, for example, that Lefcourt's MMCS Affiliation scale would be related more strongly to Mach V than the Achievement scale. The predictive validity of Crandall's IAR measure for academic achievement and achievement-related behaviors has been well documented (Chance 1965;Crandall, Katkovsky, & Crandall, 1965;Crandall, Katkovsky & Preston, 1962;McGhee & Crandall, 1968). Gilmor, 1978;Lefcourt, 1976;Phares, 1976;Strickland, 1977) have documented the theoretical expectation that externality is related negatively to achievement behaviors for North American White children, "though not consistently and not without occasional paradox" (Lefcourt, 1976, p. 71).…”

Brief Notes: Ethnicity, Environmental Control, and Academic Self-Concept in Chicago

“…On these attitudes they found that lower-class Negro children were significantly more external than middle-class Negro and white children. Crandall, Katkovsky, and Preston (1962), and Crandall, Katkovsky, and Crandall (1965) found girls more significantly internal than boys. Hirschi (1969) examined internahtyexternality and found only a weak suggestion that the lower the status of the father's occupation, the more likely the child was to be external, i.e., to believe that he was essentially powerless to control his fate.…”