Motivational processes during physical endurance tasks

Taylor, Ian; Smith, Kieren H.; Hunte, Raymon

doi:10.1111/sms.13739

Cited by 15 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The value of the performance goal was measured by responding to the instruction “Please rate how important is it to achieve your goal” on a 20‐point scale, ranging from 1 (not important at all) to 20 (extremely important). Similar scales have demonstrated predictive and nomological validity in previous work 12 …”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 66%

“…These physiological thresholds are associated with increases in the motivational potency of the desire to reduce effort and simultaneous decreases in the value of the performance goal. As such, the relative weight of each motivational component shifts in favor of the proximal desire, and diminished endurance performance occurs 12 . Positive motivational consequences can, therefore, be added to the list of benefits resulting from delayed lactate thresholds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In sum, recent work has established the desire‐goal conflict as an important framework to study human endurance 10‐12 . The present study aims to build on this work by investigating the physiological concomitants of the desire‐goal conflict during progressive exercise.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Disturbance of desire‐goal motivational dynamics during different exercise intensity domains

Taylor

Whiteley

Ferguson

2022

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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Purpose The desire‐goal motivational conflict helps explain endurance performance; however, the physiological concomitants are unknown. The present study examined disturbances in desire to reduce effort and performance goal value across moderate, heavy, and severe exercise intensity domains, demarcated by the first (LT1) and second (LT2) lactate thresholds. In addition, the within‐person relationships among blood lactate concentration, heart rate, and desire‐goal conflict were examined. Methods Thirty participants (53% female, Mage = 21.03 years; SD = 2.06 years) completed an incremental cycling exercise test, in which work rate was increased by 25 watts every four minutes, until voluntary exhaustion or sufficient data from the severe intensity domain had been collected. Desire to reduce effort, performance goal value, blood lactate concentration (for determination of LT1 and LT2), and heart rate were measured at the end of each stage and analyzed using multilevel models. Results The desire to reduce effort increased over the exercise test with additional shifts and accelerations after each lactate threshold. The performance goal did not show general declines, nor did it shift at LT1. However, the performance goal value shifted at LT2, and the rate of change increased at both thresholds. Within‐person variation in blood lactate concentration positively correlated with the desire to reduce effort and negatively correlated with the performance goal. Within‐person variation in heart rate correlated with desire to reduce effort but not the performance goal. Conclusion Transitioning through both lactate thresholds is important phases for motivation during progressive exercise, particularly for the desire to reduce effort. Within‐person variation in blood lactate concentration is more influential for motivation, compared with heart rate.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Disturbance of desire‐goal motivational dynamics during different exercise intensity domains

Taylor

Whiteley

Ferguson

2022

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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“…In support of the expectations, the Tg21 mice also reached higher V̇O 2m ax levels during the incremental exercise test as compared to their wild-type littermates ( Schuler et al, 2012 ). In humans, motivational processes and changes in mood state were previously linked to performance ( Lane and Terry, 1999 ; Lane et al, 2017 ; Taylor et al, 2020 ). The study of Miskowiak et al ( Miskowiak et al, 2008 ) provided a functional basis for a central performance enhancing effect of EPO by showing that a single high dose of EPO (40.000 IU) treatment improved self-reported mood in healthy subjects for three consecutive days.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Single 60.000 IU Dose of Erythropoietin Does Not Improve Short-Term Aerobic Exercise Performance in Healthy Subjects: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial

et al. 2020

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Erythropoietin (EPO) boosts exercise performance through increase in oxygen transport capacity following regular administration of EPO but preclinical study results suggest that single high dose of EPO also may improve exercise capacity. Twenty-nine healthy subjects (14 males/15 females; age: 25 ± 3 years) were included in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study to assess peak work load and cardiopulmonary variables during submaximal and maximal cycling tests following a single dose of 60.000 IU of recombinant erythropoietin (EPO) or placebo (PLA). Submaximal exercise at 40%/60% of peak work load revealed no main effect of EPO on oxygen uptake (27.9 ± 8.7 ml min −1 •kg −1 / 37.1 ± 13.2 ml min −1 •kg −1) versus PLA (25.2 ± 3.7 ml min −1 •kg −1 / 33.1 ± 5.3 ml min −1 •kg −1) condition (p = 0.447/p = 0.756). During maximal exercise peak work load (PLA: 3.5 ± 0.6 W•kg −1 vs. EPO: 3.5 ± 0.6 W kg −1 , p = 0.892) and peak oxygen uptake (PLA: 45.1 ± 10.4 ml•min −1 kg −1 vs. EPO: 46.1 ± 14.2 ml•min −1 kg −1 , p = 0.344) reached comparable values in the two treatment conditions. Other cardiopulmonary variables (ventilation, cardiac output, heart rate) also reached similar levels in the two treatment conditions. An interaction effect was found between treatment condition and sex resulting in higher peak oxygen consumption (p = 0.048) and ventilation (p = 0.044) in EPO-treated males. In conclusion, in a carefully conducted study using placebo-controlled design the present data failed to support the hypothesis that a single high dose of EPO has a measurable impact on work capacity in healthy subjects.

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“…In comparison to other methods to identify and measure self-control processes, such as neuroimaging of anterior cingulate cortex activation (Botvinick et al, 2001) or using EEG signals to measure error-related negativity (Legault & Inzlicht, 2013), the think aloud protocol represents few practical issues, especially when used in the context of physical persistence tasks. The motivational value of desires and goals during endurance has been measured using self-evaluations during cycling trials (Taylor et al, 2020) but this method does not provide information on the initiation of the desire-goal conflict and associated negative affect. Despite the use of familiarization activities, there is a likelihood that not all thoughts and feelings would have been accurately verbalized, particularly those that are abstract in nature (Level 2 verbalizations; Fox et al, 2011).…”

Section: Limitations and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using the Think Aloud Protocol to Measure Desire-Goal Conflict and Conflict Resolution in a Postural Persistence Task

Gunn

Taylor

2020

Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science

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The aim of the present study was to investigate a think-aloud protocol as a novel way to measure indicators of self-control during acts of physical persistence. Using a within-person design, 35 participants (9 male, 26 female) completed two wall-sit persistence tasks, one employing a think aloud protocol, and the other silent. A two-way mixed ANOVA found no significant differences in persistence between conditions, indicating that using the think aloud protocol during the wall-sit did not have a significant effect on persistence. Think aloud scripts of 34 participants (one participant's script was inadmissible) revealed that all participants verbalized negative affect, an essential characteristic of a desire-goal conflict.Thirty-two participants (94 percent) verbalized conflict resolution strategies. A multiple linear regression found that the length of time from the beginning of the task to the first verbalization of negative affect positively predicted persistence on the wall-sit task (β = .61; p < 0.001), but the length of time to the first verbalization of conflict resolution did not (β = .16; p = .30). This indicates that the time at which negative affect is initially verbalized is a reliable predictor of persistence. The study supports the use of the think aloud protocol in postural persistence tests and other simple physical tasks and supports the possibility that verbalization of negative affect may be an indicator of the initiation of a desire-goal conflict.

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Motivational processes during physical endurance tasks

Cited by 15 publications

References 28 publications

Disturbance of desire‐goal motivational dynamics during different exercise intensity domains

Disturbance of desire‐goal motivational dynamics during different exercise intensity domains

A Single 60.000 IU Dose of Erythropoietin Does Not Improve Short-Term Aerobic Exercise Performance in Healthy Subjects: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial

Using the Think Aloud Protocol to Measure Desire-Goal Conflict and Conflict Resolution in a Postural Persistence Task

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