Motives and Simultaneous Sedative-Alcohol Use among Past 12-month Alcohol and Nonmedical Sedative Users

Nattala, Prasanthi; Leung, Kit Sang; Abdallah, Arbi Ben; Murthy, Pratima; Cottler, Linda B.

doi:10.3109/00952990.2011.643987

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Many individuals with benzodiazepine misuse report multiple motives for misuse (McCabe et al, 2009). Misusing benzodiazepines for multiple reasons is particularly common among those with opioid use and/or injection drug use (Fatseas et al, 2009;Vogel et al, 2013), which is consistent with findings that reporting multiple motives is associated with greater substance use severity (e.g., greater benzodiazepine use frequency [McCabe et al, 2009;Nattala et al, 2011]; co-ingesting benzodiazepines and alcohol [Nattala et al, 2012]). Among those with opioid use and/or injection drug use, benzodiazepines are commonly misused to enhance the effects of opioids or opioid agonist medications (see Section 3.4.5.).…”

Section: Route Ofsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…The finding that self-treatment or coping motives are the most common reasons for benzodiazepine misuse has been replicated across heterogenous samples (see Supplementary Materials). However, benzodiazepines are also misused out of curiosity (Chen et al, 2011;Kapil et al, 2014;Kokkevi et al, 2008;Liebrenz et al, 2015) and for recreational motives, such as to get high (Boyd et al, 2006;Brandt et al, 2014b;Calhoun et al, 1996;Johnston and O'Malley, 1986;Kecojevic et al, 2015a;Kelly et al, 2015b;McCabe et al, 2009;McLarnon et al, 2014;Nattala et al, 2011;Nattala et al, 2012;Quintero et al, 2006;Rigg and Ibanez, 2010;Silva et al, 2013a;Terry-McElrath et al, 2009) and to modify the effects of other substances (Section 3.4.5.). Notably, those who report recreational motives also display more problematic use, such as combining benzodiazepines with other substances, reporting greater substance use severity, taking higher doses, taking benzodiazepines by nonoral routes of administration, and illicitly purchasing benzodiazepines (Fatseas et al, 2009;McCabe et al, 2009;McCabe and Cranford, 2012;McLarnon et al, 2014;Stein et al, 2016).…”

Section: Route Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The epidemiology of benzodiazepine misuse: A systematic review

Votaw

Geyer

Rieselbach

et al. 2019

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

303

214

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Background: Benzodiazepine misuse is a growing public health problem, with increases in benzodiazepine-related overdose deaths and emergency room visits in recent years. However, relatively little attention has been paid to this emergent problem. We systematically reviewed epidemiological studies on benzodiazepine misuse to identify key findings, limitations, and future directions for research. Methods: PubMed and PsychINFO databases were searched through February 2019 for peerreviewed publications on benzodiazepine misuse (e.g., use without a prescription; at a higher frequency or dose than prescribed). Eligibility criteria included human studies that focused on the prevalence, trends, correlates, motives, patterns, sources, and consequences of benzodiazepine misuse. Results: The search identified 1,970 publications, and 351 articles were eligible for data extraction and inclusion. In 2017, benzodiazepines and other tranquilizers were the third most commonly used illicit or prescription drug in the U.S. (approximately 2.2% of the population). Worldwide rates of misuse appear to be similar to those reported in the U.S. Factors associated with misuse include other substance use, receipt of a benzodiazepine prescription, and psychiatric symptoms and disorders. Benzodiazepine misuse encompasses heterogeneous presentations of motives, patterns, and sources. Moreover, misuse is associated with myriad poor outcomes, including mortality, HIV/HCV risk behaviors, poor self-reported quality of life, criminality, and continued substance use during treatment.

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Section: Route Ofsupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Route Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

The epidemiology of benzodiazepine misuse: A systematic review

Votaw

Geyer

Rieselbach

et al. 2019

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

303

214

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Teter et al [12] also found that depression and NMU of prescription stimulants are linked. Nattala et al [33] found that relieving stress and changing mood were the top two motivations for nonmedical prescription sedative and alcohol use among a community-recruited adult population. Here, the temporality of depressed mood was not assessed, so it is unclear if the depressed mood was a result of or a predictor of NMU of stimulants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonmedical Prescription Stimulant Use Among Girls 10–18 Years of Age: Associations With Other Risky Behavior

Striley

Kelso-Chichetto

Cottler

2017

Journal of Adolescent Health

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Purpose Little is known about the risk factors for nonmedical use (NMU) of prescription stimulants among adolescent girls. We aimed to measure the association of nonmedical prescription stimulant use with empirically linked risk factors, including weight control behavior (WCB), gambling, and depressed mood, in pre-teen and teenaged girls. Methods We assessed the relationship between age and race, gambling, WCB, depressive mood, and nonmedical prescription stimulant use using multivariable logistic regression. The study sample included 5,585 females, aged 10–18 years, recruited via an entertainment venue intercept method in 10 U.S. metropolitan areas as part of the National Monitoring of Adolescent Prescription Stimulants Study (2008–2011). Results NMU of prescription stimulants was reported by 6.6% (n = 370) of the sample. In multivariable logistic regression, 1-year increase in age was associated with a 21% (95% confidence interval [CI]: .15, .28) increase in risk for NMU. Whites and other race/ethnicity girls had 2.67 (CI: 1.85, 3.87) and 1.71 (1.11, 2.65) times higher odds for NMU, compared to African-Americans. Depressive mood (adjusted odds ratio: 2.69, CI: 2.04, 5.57) and gambling (adjusted odds ratio: 1.90, 1.23, 2.92) were associated with increased odds for NMU. A dose-response was identified between WCB and NMU, where girls with unhealthy and extreme WCB were over five times more likely to endorse NMU. Conclusions We contribute to the literature linking WCB, depression, gambling, and the NMU of prescription stimulants in any population and uniquely do so among girls.

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“…Nattala and colleagues (2012) conducted the only study of adult nonmedical sedative use (including benzodiazepines) with co-ingestion; there, 61% of nonmedical users co-ingested a sedative and alcohol, and co-ingestion users were younger, more likely to have used marijuana, and more likely to have recreational motives (Nattala, et al, 2012). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and correlates of co-ingestion of prescription tranquilizers and other psychoactive substances by U.S. high school seniors: Results from a national survey

Schepis

West

Teter

et al. 2016

Addictive Behaviors

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Introduction Nonmedical tranquilizer use (NMTU) is a concerning and understudied phenomenon in adolescents, despite being the second most prevalent form of nonmedical use in this population. Thus, this work aimed to examine the sociodemographic and substance use correlates of past-year co-ingestion of a prescription tranquilizer and another substance among adolescents. Methods Data were from the Monitoring the Future study, a nationally representative survey of US high school students. Data from 11,444 seniors (12th graders) completing form 1 of the survey were used. The participants represented a population that was 52.7% female, 61.8% White, and had a modal age of 18. Weighted frequencies and Rao-Scott chi-square analyses were computed to describe the target population and examine associations of interest. Results An estimated 5.3% of the population engaged in past-year NMTU during this time period, with an estimated 72.6% of those users engaged in past-year co-ingestion of a tranquilizer and another substance. Marijuana and alcohol were the most commonly co-ingested substances. Those engaged in co-ingestion were more likely than past-year nonmedical users without co-ingestion to be engaged in other substance or nonmedical use (including past year nonmedical Xanax® (alprazolam) use), have an earlier onset of NMTU, and endorse recreational motives. Conclusions Adolescent nonmedical tranquilizer users engaged in co-ingestion may be a particularly vulnerable population, with higher rates of other substance use, other nonmedical use and problematic NMTU characteristics than nonmedical users without co-ingestion. Identification of and intervention with adolescent co-ingestion users is an important avenue for future research and clinical practice.

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Motives and Simultaneous Sedative-Alcohol Use among Past 12-month Alcohol and Nonmedical Sedative Users

Abstract: Findings underscore the need for considering motives in tailoring preventive interventions for reducing SSAU. It may be equally important to direct efforts toward decreasing the number of motives, as well as addressing the specific motives reported for sedative use.

Cited by 12 publications

References 22 publications

The epidemiology of benzodiazepine misuse: A systematic review

The epidemiology of benzodiazepine misuse: A systematic review

Nonmedical Prescription Stimulant Use Among Girls 10–18 Years of Age: Associations With Other Risky Behavior

Prevalence and correlates of co-ingestion of prescription tranquilizers and other psychoactive substances by U.S. high school seniors: Results from a national survey

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