Motnje Hranjenja Španskih Telovadcev in Telovadk Glede Na Spol in Raven Tekmovanja

Abstract


 The aim of this study was to assess the body composition and the risk of developing an eating disorder (ED) in two groups of Spanish elite acrobatic gymnasts. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted, where 130 acrobatic gymnasts aged 9 to 21 and registered with the Spanish federation voluntarily participated; 56 of them were competing at the international level and 74 at the national level. Height and weight measures were used to calculate body mass index (BMI) and skinfolds were measured to determine the percentage of body fat. The Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI-3-RF) was applied to assess the ED variables. The results revealed that the majority of gymnasts presented normal weight (BMI) and a low % body fat, and the international-level gymnasts showed lower values than national-level ones. 52.6% of the gymnasts in this study were at risk of developing an ED. As regards the scales, the scores related to drive for thinness were noteworthy, especially in women competing at the international level, who reported greater concern about weight and body image. The international-level gymnasts met most of the referring criteria; in particular, most senior gymnasts met criterion 3. There was an average percentage of gymnasts at risk of developing an ED. The risk factors were more noticeable among female international-level gymnasts, who presented greater drive for thinness and body dissatisfaction.

Associations between anthropometry, body composition, and body image in athletes: a systematic review

“…Twelve studies (54.5%) assessing a component of negative body image included only lean sport athletes. Among these studies, two-thirds (n = 8; 66.7%) found BMI and/or %BF was positively correlated with an aspect of negative body image, while an inverse (Francisco et al, 2013) or no significant relationship (Mockdece Neves et al, 2016;Remmel et al, 2021;Salas-Morillas et al, 2023) was reported in the remaining four (33.3%) studies. In the two (9.1%) studies that assessed body dissatisfaction in only non-lean sport athletes, significant positive findings were reported with BMI et al, 2017).…”

“…Height and weight were used to calculate BMI in 25 of 27 studies (92.6%), yet 22 (81.5%) reported relationships between BMI and body image. %BF was evaluated in 11 studies (40.7%); nine (33.3%) used skinfold measurements (de Sousa Fortes et al, 2013,b, 2020Goltz et al, 2013;Mockdece Neves et al, 2016;Hernández-Martínez et al, 2017;Kagawa et al, 2023;Salas-Morillas et al, 2023) to estimate %BF, while two (7.4%) utilized DXA (Eufrásio de Medeiros et al, 2021;Remmel et al, 2021), and one (3.7%) used dual-frequency BIA (DF-BIA) (Kagawa et al, 2023). A limited number of studies also assessed FFM (Kagawa et al, 2023), lean body mass (Remmel et al, 2021), or fat-free mass index (FFMI) (Hernández-Martínez et al, 2017;Kagawa et al, 2023) via DF-BIA, DXA, and skinfold or DF-BIA techniques, respectively.…”

“…Eleven studies (50%) assessed %BF or FM (de Sousa Fortes et al, 2013,b, 2020Goltz et al, 2013;Mockdece Neves et al, 2016;Hernández-Martínez et al, 2017;Eufrásio de Medeiros et al, 2021;Remmel et al, 2021;Kagawa et al, 2023;Salas-Morillas et al, 2023), using skinfolds (de Sousa Fortes et al, 2013,b, 2020Goltz et al, 2013;Mockdece Neves et al, 2016;Hernández-Martínez et al, 2017;Salas-Morillas et al, 2023), DXA (Eufrásio de Medeiros et al, 2021;Remmel et al, 2021), or bioimpedance techniques (Kagawa et al, 2023), and ten (90.9%) reported the results of quantitative assessments with an aspect of negative body image. Six of the 10 studies (60%) reported body fat was positively associated with body dissatisfaction and/or negative body attitudes (de Sousa Fortes et al, 2013,b, 2020Goltz et al, 2013;Eufrásio de Medeiros et al, 2021) in female (de Sousa Fortes et al, 2015bEufrásio de Medeiros et al, 2021), male (Goltz et al, 2013;de Sousa Fortes et al, 2015a), andcombined populations (de Sousa Fortes et al, 2013).…”