Motor and cognitive dual-task performance under low and high task complexity in children with and without developmental coordination disorder

Krajenbrink, Hilde; Lust, Jessica M.; Wilmut, Kate; Steenbergen, Bert

doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2023.104453

Cited by 5 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Subsequently, it is entirely possible that proprioception information during the motor interference condition was appropriately interpreted at the peripheral level for monitoring and response execution [ 53 ]. Complementary to this line of thinking is the Multiple Resource Theory [ 55 ], which suggests that attentional resources are divided into different energy “pools”; for example, tasks that include a manual response use different resources than tasks that include a cognitive response [ 36 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is the current view that movement outcomes are on a continuum from most to least automatic, and that automatic-like motor responses have low attentional costs [ 35 ]. Accordingly, we further hypothesized that the cognitive interference would require more mental effort [ 23 ] and will induce a greater PE than the motor interference, since the motor dual-task is anticipated to have a lower attentional cost [ 36 ]. Lastly, we anticipate a strong and positive correlation between the magnitude of proprioception errors and the number of attentional errors made during DTi, due to an effect of mutual interference.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How does a motor or cognitive dual-task affect our sense of upper limb proprioception?

Ager,

Cools,

Borms

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Background Daily upper limb activities require multitasking and our division of attention. How we allocate our attention can be studied using dual-task interference (DTi). Given the vital role proprioception plays in movement planning and motor control, it is important to investigate how conscious upper limb proprioception is impacted by DTi through cognitive and motor interference. Purpose To examine how dual-task interference impacts conscious upper limb proprioception during active joint repositioning tasks (AJRT). Methods Forty-two healthy participants, aged between 18 and 35, took part in this cross-sectional study. Participants completed two AJRT during three conditions: baseline (single task), dual-cognitive task (serial subtractions), and dual-motor task (non-dominant hand movements). The proprioceptive error (PE; difference between their estimation and targeted position) was measured using an AJRT of 75% and 90% of maximum internal rotation using the Biodex System IIITM and the Upper Limb Proprioception Reaching Test (PRO-Reach). To determine if PEs differed during dual-task interference, interference change scores from baseline were used with one sample t-tests and analyses of variance. Results The overall mean PE with the Biodex was 4.1° ± 1.9 at baseline. Mean change scores from baseline reflect a mean improvement of 1.5° ± 1.0 (p < .001) during dual-cognitive task and of 1.5° ± 1.2 (p < .001) during dual-motor task. The overall mean PE with the PRO-Reach was 4.4cm ± 1.1 at baseline. Mean change scores from baseline reflect a mean worsening of 1.0cm ± 1.1 (p < .001) during dual-cognitive task and improvement of 0.8cm ± 0.6 (p < .001) during dual-motor task. Analysis of variance with the Biodex PEs revealed an interference effect (p < .001), with the cognitive condition causing greater PEs compared to the motor condition and a criterion position effect (p = .006), where 75% of maximum IR produced larger PEs during both interference conditions. An interference effect (p = .022) with the PRO-Reach PEs was found highlighting a difference between the cognitive and motor conditions, with decreased PEs during the contralateral motor task. Conclusion Interference tasks did impact proprioception. Cognitive interference produced mixed results, whereas improved proprioception was seen during motor interference. Individual task prioritization strategies are possible, where each person may choose their own attention strategy when faced with dual-task interference.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How does a motor or cognitive dual-task affect our sense of upper limb proprioception?

Ager,

Cools,

Borms

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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“…In general, higher performance costs under dual-task conditions were evident for children with DCD during complex dual-tasks that challenged postural control ( Tsai et al, 2009 ; Chen et al, 2012 ; Chen and Tsai, 2016 ), however, few studies systematically increased task complexity under dual-task conditions. When motor dexterity dual-task complexity was increased, greater performance costs were seen for complex compared to simple task conditions, with the DCD group reporting greater mental effort, but no difference in performance costs was revealed between groups ( Krajenbrink et al, 2023 ). Complex conditions demand more attentional resources and are understood to demonstrate higher dual-task interference effects, particularly for children with DCD ( Schott et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The use of dual-task paradigms in DCD research is relatively under-developed with a small body of published studies, seven reviewed by Schott (2019) and two reviewed by Subara-Zukic et al (2022) . The chosen dual-tasks often incorporate static bipedal motor tasks ( Laufer et al, 2008 ; Tsai et al, 2009 ; Chen et al, 2012 ; Chen and Tsai, 2016 ) or continuous serial calculation or recall cognitive tasks presented through auditory or visual modalities ( Laufer et al, 2008 ; Cherng et al, 2009 ; Tsai et al, 2009 ; Chen et al, 2012 ; Chen and Tsai, 2016 ; Przysucha et al, 2016 ; Schott et al, 2016 ; Kuijpers et al, 2022 ), with only two studies addressing locomotor-cognitive dual-tasking under complex conditions ( Cherng et al, 2009 ; Krajenbrink et al, 2023 ). The locomotor-cognitive studies have been limited by a lack of calculation of single-task costs ( Cherng et al, 2009 ) and the use of continuous cognitive tasks that cannot equate a performance cost to a specific phase of the dual-task.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The predictions were also informed by deficits in cognitive control (i.e., executive function), seen specifically during inhibitory control, working memory (visual and verbal), and executive attention in individuals with DCD ( Rahimi-Golkhandan et al, 2016 ; Adams et al, 2017 ; Johnston et al, 2017 ; Mirabella et al, 2017 ; Wang et al, 2017 ). Considering the deficits in predictive motor control in DCD, it was expected that these, combined with cognitive control deficits, would lead to an energy-intensive approach to dual-task performance ( Krajenbrink et al, 2023 ), reducing the ability to share cognitive resources under dual-task conditions ( Subara-Zukic et al, 2022 ). This informed the first and second hypotheses which predicted (1) significant dual-task performance costs on both cognitive and motor outcomes for both TD and DCD groups, and (2) larger dual-task performance costs for DCD compared with TD children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Locomotor-cognitive dual-tasking in children with developmental coordination disorder

Subara-Zukic,

McGuckian,

Cole

et al. 2024

Front. Psychol.

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IntroductionChildren with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) demonstrate deficits in predictive motor control and aspects of cognitive control compared with their typically developing (TD) peers. Adjustment to dynamic environments depends on both aspects of control and the deficits for children with DCD may constrain their ability to perform daily actions that involve dual-tasking. Under the assumption that motor-cognitive integration is compromised in children with DCD, we examined proportional dual-task costs using a novel locomotor-cognitive dual-task paradigm that enlisted augmented reality. We expect proportional dual-task performance costs to be greater for children with DCD compared to their TD peers.MethodsParticipants were 34 children aged 6–12 years (16 TD, 18 DCD) who walked along a straight 12 m path under single- and dual-task conditions, the cognitive task being visual discrimination under simple or complex stimulus conditions presented via augmented reality. Dual-task performance was measured in two ways: first, proportional dual-task costs (pDTC) were computed for cognitive and gait outcomes and, second, within-trial costs (p-WTC) were measured as the difference on gait outcomes between pre- and post-stimulus presentation.ResultsOn measures of pDTC, TD children increased their double-limb support time when walking in response to a dual-task, while the children with DCD increased their locomotor velocity. On p-WTC, both groups increased their gait variability (step length and step width) when walking in response to a dual-task, of which the TD group had a larger proportional change than the DCD group. Greater pDTCs on motor rather than cognitive outcomes were consistent across groups and method of dual-task performance measurement.DiscussionContrary to predictions, our results failed to support dramatic differences in locomotor-cognitive dual-task performance between children with DCD and TD, with both groups tending to priorities the cognitive over the motor task. Inclusion of a within-trial calculation of dual-task interference revealed an expectancy effect for both groups in relation to an impending visual stimulus. It is recommended that dual-task paradigms in the future continue to use augmented reality to present the cognitive task and consider motor tasks of sufficient complexity to probe the limits of performance in children with DCD.

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Which outcomes are key to the pre-intervention assessment profile of a child with developmental coordination disorder? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Smits-Engelsman,

Denysschen,

Lust

et al. 2024

Biomedical Journal

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Motor and cognitive dual-task performance under low and high task complexity in children with and without developmental coordination disorder

Cited by 5 publications

References 37 publications

How does a motor or cognitive dual-task affect our sense of upper limb proprioception?

How does a motor or cognitive dual-task affect our sense of upper limb proprioception?

Locomotor-cognitive dual-tasking in children with developmental coordination disorder

Which outcomes are key to the pre-intervention assessment profile of a child with developmental coordination disorder? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

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