Motor and fantasy correlates of Rorschach human movement responses.

Social origins of executive function development

“…For Vygotsky (1978), development of EF flows out of social interaction by way of symbol systems (most prominently, language) that are the "tools" of society, and as these cultural tools become more semiotically sophisticated (as a function of sociopolitical geography or development) minds become less literal and reliant on the presence of concrete stimuli for thinking and reasoning about them. Indeed, it might not be an overstatement to claim, as Singer and Herman (1954) did, that "the ability to defer immediate motor response directed toward need gratification with the consequent resort to the realm of fantasy gives man a control of his future through imagery and planning . .…”

Rorschach movement and dreams: A validation study using drug-induced dream-deprivation.

“…Support for part of this formulation exists. Beginning with the work of Singer, Meltzoff, and Goldman (1952) and Meltzoff, Singer, and Korchin (1953), a great deal of evidence has accumulated to show that Rorschach was correct about the relationship between motor inhibition and the movement response (Bendick & Klopfer, 1964;Goldman & Herman, 1961;Neel, 1960;Singer & Herman, 1954;Singer & Opler, 1956;Singer & Spohn, 1954). Evidence for a similar relationship between motor inhibition and dreams was produced by Hourly Void and, more recently, by Dement and Wolpert (1958).…”

Relationship of memory processes to delay of gratification

“…Previous research Singer & Herman, 1954) has demonstrated that the tendency to delay, as measured by the child's choice of larger, delayed rewards, increases with age. I n this study no significant relationship was found between the choice of SL 5# or 106 candy bar and the child's age (9 = 2.354, p < .1).…”