Motor Development

Adolph, Karen E.; Berger, Sarah E.

doi:10.1002/9780470147658.chpsy0204

Cited by 60 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 382 publications

(534 reference statements)

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“…Attention entails exploratory behaviors integrated across multiple sensory (e.g. vision, audition) and action systems (e.g., eye movements, head turning; Adolph & Berger, 2006; Gibson, 1988; Gibson & Pick, 2000). These processes undergo dramatic development between infancy and childhood (Bahrick, 2010; Colombo, 2001; Gibson, 1988; Ruff & Rothbart, 1996).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Multisensory Attention Assessment Protocol (MAAP): Characterizing individual differences in multisensory attention skills in infants and children and relations with language and cognition.

Bahrick¹,

Todd²,

Soska³

2018

Developmental Psychology

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Multisensory attention skills provide a crucial foundation for early cognitive, social, and language development, yet there are no fine-grained, individual difference measures of these skills appropriate for preverbal children. The Multisensory Attention Assessment Protocol (MAAP) fills this need. In a single video-based protocol requiring no language skills, the MAAP assesses individual differences in three fundamental building blocks of attention to multisensory events—the duration of attention maintenance, the accuracy of intersensory (audiovisual) matching, and the speed of shifting—for both social and nonsocial events, in the context of high and low competing visual stimulation. In Experiment 1, 2- to 5-year-old children (N = 36) received the MAAP and assessments of language and cognitive functioning. In Experiment 2 the procedure was streamlined and presented to 12-month-olds (N = 48). Both infants and children showed high levels of attention maintenance to social and nonsocial events, impaired attention maintenance and speed of shifting when competing stimulation was high, and significant intersensory matching. Children showed longer maintenance, faster shifting, and less impairment from competing stimulation than infants. In 2- to 5-year-old children, duration and accuracy were inter-correlated, showed increases with age, and predicted cognitive and language functioning. The MAAP opens the door to assessing developmental pathways between early attention patterns to audiovisual events and language, cognitive, and social development.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Multisensory Attention Assessment Protocol (MAAP): Characterizing individual differences in multisensory attention skills in infants and children and relations with language and cognition.

Bahrick¹,

Todd²,

Soska³

2018

Developmental Psychology

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“…In the early childhood, learning of postural balance is tightly intertwined with supportive hand motion. At eight months infants already learn how to balance on hands and knees during crawling; at ten months they start walking with support from hanging on a table or a couch; and at about one year infants already know how to balance on two feet and walk independently across the room1112. While it is known that people develop optimal motor control strategies both for postural stability and manipulation13141516, it is unclear how these two distinctive motor tasks relate to each other and how their relationship affect the learning of novel motor skills or when re-establishing motor abilities in novel environments.…”

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confidence: 99%

Probabilistic Movement Models Show that Postural Control Precedes and Predicts Volitional Motor Control

Rueckert

Čamernik

Peters

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Human motor skill learning is driven by the necessity to adapt to new situations. While supportive contacts are essential for many tasks, little is known about their impact on motor learning. To study the effect of contacts an innovative full-body experimental paradigm was established. The task of the subjects was to reach for a distant target while postural stability could only be maintained by establishing an additional supportive hand contact. To examine adaptation, non-trivial postural perturbations of the subjects’ support base were systematically introduced. A novel probabilistic trajectory model approach was employed to analyze the correlation between the motions of both arms and the trunk. We found that subjects adapted to the perturbations by establishing target dependent hand contacts. Moreover, we found that the trunk motion adapted significantly faster than the motion of the arms. However, the most striking finding was that observations of the initial phase of the left arm or trunk motion (100–400 ms) were sufficient to faithfully predict the complete movement of the right arm. Overall, our results suggest that the goal-directed arm movements determine the supportive arm motions and that the motion of heavy body parts adapts faster than the light arms.

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“…Therefore, research is also needed to determine the appropriate size of the objects for the hands of older children (> 6 y/o), for larger prosthetic hands with an opening width > 5 cm or for spastic hands with an opening < 5 cm. In addition, clinimetric properties should be studied in older children because of changes in performance with age [49]. The reliability of the SHAP-C should be evaluated in different impaired hands and in prosthetic users because the SHAP was also designed for use with such patients [1].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary study of the Southampton Hand Assessment Procedure for Children and its reliability

Vasluian

Bongers

Reinders-Messelink

et al. 2014

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

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BackgroundThe Southampton Hand Assessment Procedure (SHAP) is currently used in the adult population for evaluating the functionality of impaired or prosthetic hands. The SHAP cannot be used for children because of the relatively larger size of the objects used to perform SHAP tasks and unknown clinimetric properties. The aims of this study were to adapt the SHAP for use in children (SHAP-C), to determine norm values for the SHAP-C, and to analyze the reliability of the SHAP-C.MethodsThe SHAP-C was adapted based on the SHAP protocol. Some objects were downsized, and the timing of tasks was performed by the rater instead of the participant. Intra- and inter-rater reliability were assessed in 24 children (5 [0.54] y/o) with unimpaired hands. The repeatability coefficients (RCs) were calculated. An RC ≤ 75% of the mean SHAP-C task values was considered good reliability.ResultsParticipants were able to perform all SHAP-C tasks. The means of the SHAP-C tasks ranged from 0.75 to 1.21 seconds for abstract objects and from 0.64-19.13 seconds for activities of daily living. The RCs of a single assessor did not exceed 75% in 17/26 SHAP-C tasks, displaying a relatively good intra-rater reliability, whereas the RCs for the inter-rater reliability exceeded 75% in 22/26 SHAP-C tasks, thus displaying poor reliability.ConclusionIn this first study that adjusted the SHAP for pediatric use, we found that all SHAP-C objects and tasks could be performed by children. The intra-rater reliability was better than the inter-rater reliability. Although the SHAP-C appears to be a promising instrument, the protocol requires further modifications to provide reliable measurements in children.

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Motor Development

Cited by 60 publications

References 382 publications

The Multisensory Attention Assessment Protocol (MAAP): Characterizing individual differences in multisensory attention skills in infants and children and relations with language and cognition.

The Multisensory Attention Assessment Protocol (MAAP): Characterizing individual differences in multisensory attention skills in infants and children and relations with language and cognition.

Probabilistic Movement Models Show that Postural Control Precedes and Predicts Volitional Motor Control

Preliminary study of the Southampton Hand Assessment Procedure for Children and its reliability

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