Motor evoked potentials in a rhesus macaque model of neuro-AIDS

Rhesus Macaque Model of Chronic Opiate Dependence and Neuro-AIDS: Longitudinal Assessment of Auditory Brainstem Responses and Visual Evoked Potentials

“…Prolongations in ABR and VEP latencies were observed in SIV-infected animals with and without morphine dependence confirming our previous work (Raymond et al 1998, 1999, 2000). Although more ABR abnormalities were found in group VM than group V (17 vs 7, Table 3), it is important to note that a similar fraction of monkeys in each group had abnormalities (4/6 for VM vs 3/5 for V, Table 2) and, hence, it is difficult to conclude that morphine significantly increased incidence compared to virus alone.…”

“…Prolongations in EP latencies were observed in SIV-infected macaques across all modalities. Animals with the highest CSF viral loads and clinical disease showed more abnormalities than those with sub-clinical disease, confirming our previous work (Raymond et al, 1998, 1999, 2000). Although some differences were observed in auditory and visual evoked potentials in morphine treated compared to untreated SIV-infected animals, the effects were relatively small and not consistent across evoked potential type.…”

“…Deviations in measured latencies that exceeded two standard deviations of the mean during the control period were considered significant (Raymond et al, 1998, 1999, 2000). To obtain a better estimate of the variability, the standard deviation was calculated from the data of all monkeys in a particular group but comparisons were with each monkey’s own control period mean.…”

“…SIV-infected animals exhibit altered functional integrity of motor and sensory pathways as well as impaired behavioral performance with the progression of disease (Gold et al, 1998; Horn et al, 1998; Marcario et al, 1999a, b; Murray et al, 1992; Prospero-Garcia et al, 1996; Raymond et al, 1998; Raymond et al, 1999; Raymond et al, 2000; Weed et al, 2004). In previous studies using a cohort of SIV mac R71/17E inoculated rhesus macaques, we demonstrated that ABR and VEP peak latency shifts generally correlate with underlying neuropathology at the level of the auditory brainstem nuclei and visual pathway structures (Raymond et al, 1998; Raymond et al, 2000).…”

Behavioral, Metabolic, and Immune Consequences of Chronic Alcohol or Cannabinoids on HIV/AIDs: Studies in the Non-Human Primate SIV Model

“…One common finding between humans and monkeys has also been that motor skill deficits occur earlier and more frequently than cognitive impairments (Gold et al 1998; Rausch et al 1994; Raymond et al 1999). Although all of the findings from HIV-infected humans and SIV-infected monkeys have not been this congruent and straightforward, the vast majority of findings in monkeys have strong parallels with the findings in humans (Cheney et al 2008).…”