Motor functions and their anatomical basis in the forebrain and tectum of the alligator

Schapiro, H; Goodman, Donald C.

doi:10.1016/0014-4886(69)90014-4

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Similar results for the alligator were reported by Kruger and Berkowitz (1960). However, Schapiro (1964) presented evidence for thalamo-striatal and thalamo-cortical connections in Caiman. (Goldby, 1937;Schapiro, 1964;and Northcutt, 1968). Projections from the dorsal component to the dorsal cortex probably exist in both groups.…”

Section: Stria Terminalissupporting

confidence: 77%

“…To date, only one experimental study exists on the projections from the dorsal component to lower centers in reptiles (Schapiro, 1964 (Johnston, 1915;and Carey, 1967), caudate nucleus (Johnston, 1923; and Hewitt, 1967), caudate and putamen nuclei (Elliot Smith, 1919;Dart, 1920; Kappers, Huber, and Crosby, 1935;and Schepers, 1948), part of the neocortex (Kallen, 1962), and the claustrum (Filimonoff, 1964 Haas and Simpson (1946), Simpson (1959 and, and Bock (1963). Homology was redefined as follows: "Homologous features (or conditions of the features) in two or more organisms are ones that can be traced back to the same feature (or condition) in the common ancestor of these organisms," Bock (1963, p. 268) .…”

Section: Stria Terminalismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most workers have not recognized a distinct Jacobson's organ or its telencephalic equivalent, the accessory olfactory bulb (Johnston, 1915;McCotter, 1917;Crosby and Humphrey, 1939;and Schepers, 1948). However, Gamble (1956) and Platel (1966) (Schapiro, 1964;and Northcutt, 1968). Similar results were obtained by Goldby (1937) in Lacerta following ablation of the rostral cortical areas.…”

Section: Stria Terminalismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This division was explored in a subsequent work (Northcutt, 1967) in which the author described in detail the histological variations, and reviewed the physiological specializations which have resulted from this evolutionary divergence. The division into sauropsid and theropsid evolutionary lines was based on the histological analysis of the dorsal pallial component in living reptiles following the terminology of Watson (1954) (Goldby, 1937;Schapiro, 1964;and Northcutt, 1968). This line must be viewed as the product of an evolutionary history leading, not to modern mammals, but to birds.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The telencephalon of the Western painted turtle (Chrysemys picta belli)

Northcutt¹

1970

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Section: Stria Terminalissupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Stria Terminalismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stria Terminalismentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The telencephalon of the Western painted turtle (Chrysemys picta belli)

Northcutt¹

1970

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“…Attempts were made to place uni lateral lesions in the different parts of the tectum because Schapiro and Goodman [1969] have shown that electrical stimulation of different parts within a single tectum in another reptile (Caiman sklerops) evokes turning in different directions. However, because partial unilateral lesions would only destroy a small part of the whole system, it was thought possible that only small effects would be obtained.…”

Section: Right Nasal Visual Field Right Temporal Retina Left Anteriormentioning

confidence: 99%

Seaward Orientation of Hatchling Turtles: Turning Systems in the Optic Tectum

Mrosovsky¹,

Granda²,

Hay³

1979

Brain Behav Evol

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This paper reports studies on the mechanisms underlying seaward orientation in hatchling turtles. The particular aim was to investigate whether activity in different regions of the retina and associated tectal areas, as assessed by some comparator mechanism, results in turning in different directions. Hatchling green turtles (Chelonia mydas) were tested for sea-finding ability in a natural situation on the beach following lesions of the optic tectum. Asymmetrical bilateral lesions resulted in a number of turtles making circles in the direction of the tectum with the posterior lesion and in other turtles deviating in this direction. Bilaterally lesioned turtles were also slower and less consistent in their sea-finding behaviour. No major disruptions of sea finding were detected in animals with unilateral tectal lesions. By suspending lights in the nasal visual field of unilaterally blindfolded green and leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) it was possible to produce circling in the direction of the covered eye; in contrast, with the light suspended in the temporal field, turning was always in the direction of the uncovered eye. The results are consistent with the view that sea finding depends on a complex phototropotactic system with stimulation in different parts of a single retina being associated with turning in opposite directions.

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Descending pathways from the brain stem to the spinal cord in some reptiles. II. Course and site of termination

Donkelaar

1976

J of Comparative Neurology

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The course and termination of the pathways descending from the brain stem to the spinal cord have been studied by tracing the ensuing anterograde fiber degeneration, following appropriate lesions in the reptiles Testudo hermanni, Tupinambis nigropunctatus and Python reticulatus. In these reptiles the presence of interstitiospinal, vestibulospinal and reticulospinal pathways has been demonstrated. A crossed rubrospinal tract has been shown in the turtle and lizard, but could not be demonstrated in the Python. The presence of a tectospinal pathway of any importance could not be shown. However, the tectum mesencephali has been found to project profusely to the brain stem reticular formation. The interstitiospinal tract projects predominantly to the ipsilateral side of the spinal cord. The vestibulospinal projection, arising from the large-celled nucleus vestibularis ventrolateralis, comprises a large uncrossed and a small decussating component. The rubrospinal pathway terminates in a particular area of the spinal gray, i.e., the intermediate zone, whereas the interstitiospainal, reticulospinal and vestibulospinal tracts all terminate in the medial part of the ventral horn. It appeared that the classification of descending pathways as advocated in mammals by Kuypers ('64) into lateral and medial systems can be readily applied to reptiles. The lateral system terminates in the dorsal and lateral parts of the intermediate zone, the medial system predominantely in the dorsomedial part of the ventral horn. This classification renders it likely that the absence of a lateral focus of termination as well as the absence of a rubrospinal tract in the Python, is correlated to the absence of limbs. A comparison of experimental data concerning the systems descending from the brain stem to the spinal cord in amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals suggests that these systems with regard to origin, course and termination have a basic pattern in common.

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Motor functions and their anatomical basis in the forebrain and tectum of the alligator

Cited by 19 publications

References 8 publications

The telencephalon of the Western painted turtle (Chrysemys picta belli)

The telencephalon of the Western painted turtle (Chrysemys picta belli)

Seaward Orientation of Hatchling Turtles: Turning Systems in the Optic Tectum

Descending pathways from the brain stem to the spinal cord in some reptiles. II. Course and site of termination

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