Motor imagery activates the cerebellum regionally. A SPECT rCBF study with 99mTc-HMPAO

Ryding, Erik; Decety, Jean; Sjøholm, Hans; Stenberg, Georg; Ingvar, David H.

doi:10.1016/0926-6410(93)90015-w

Cited by 157 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This ªnding is in agreement with previous PET and single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) studies showing decreased blood ºow within the cerebellum during motor imagery compared to motor execution (Decety et al, 1994, Ryding, Decety, Sjöholm, Stenberg & Ingvar, 1993. The reduced activity, especially of the anterior cerebellar lobe during motor imagery, might be related to a lack of afferent information during the task.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Activation of Cortical and Cerebellar Motor Areas during Executed and Imagined Hand Movements: An fMRI Study

Lotze

Montoya

Erb

et al. 1999

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

845

499

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I Brain activation during executed (EM) and imagined movements (IM) of the right and left hand was studied in 10 healthy right-handed subjects using functional magnetic resonance imagining (fMRI). Low electromyographic (EMG) activity of the musculi ºexor digitorum superªcialis and high vividness of the imagined movements were trained prior to image acquisition. Regional cerebral activation was measured by fMRI during EM and IM and compared to resting conditions. Anatomically selected regions of interest (ROIs) were marked interactively over the entire brain. In each ROI activated pixels above a t value of 2.45 (p < 0.01) were counted and analyzed. In all subjects the supplementary motor area (SMA), the premotor cortex (PMC), and the primary motor cortex (M1) showed signiªcant activation during both EM and IM; the somatosensory cortex (S1) was signiªcantly activated only during EM. Ipsilateral cerebellar activation was decreased during IM compared to EM. In the cerebellum, IM and EM differed in their foci of maximal activation: Highest ipsilateral activation of the cerebellum was observed in the anterior lobe (Larsell lobule H IV) during EM, whereas a lower maximum was found about 2-cm dorsolateral (Larsell lobule H VII) during IM. The prefrontal and parietal regions revealed no signiªcant changes during both conditions. The results of cortical activity support the hypothesis that motor imagery and motor performance possess similar neural substrates. The differential activation in the cerebellum during EM and IM is in accordance with the assumption that the posterior cerebellum is involved in the inhibition of movement execution during imagination. I

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Activation of Cortical and Cerebellar Motor Areas during Executed and Imagined Hand Movements: An fMRI Study

Lotze

Montoya

Erb

et al. 1999

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

845

499

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Using the single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) during motor imagery of a tennis skill training in normal volunteers, Decety, Sj6holm, Ryding, Stenberg and Ingvar [7] observed a significant rCBF increase bilaterally in the cerebellum, as well as in the basal ganglia and in the premotor cortex. These findings were replicated by Ryding, Decety, Sj6holm, Stenberg and Ingvar [48] using the hexamethyl-propyleneamine oxyme (HMPAO) labelled with 99mTc as a blood flow tracer. Confirmation by other PET studies was provided by Stephan et al [50] showing that imagined finger movements activate the premotor cortex, the SMA, the anterior cingulate as well as parietal areas bilaterally.…”

Section: Measurements Of Regional Cerebral Blood Flowsupporting

confidence: 68%

Do imagined and executed actions share the same neural substrate?

Decety

1996

Cognitive Brain Research

Self Cite

541

291

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This paper addresses the issue of the functional correlates of motor imagery, using mental chronometry, monitoring the autonomic responses and measuring cerebral blood flow in humans. The timing of mentally simulated actions closely mimic actual movement times. Autonomic responses during motor imagery parallel the autonomic responses to actual exercise. Cerebral blood flow increases are observed in the motor cortices involved in the programming of actual movement (i.e. premotor cortex, anterior cingulate, inferior parietal lobule and cerebellum). These three sources of data provide converging support for the hypothesis that imagined and executed actions share, to some extent, the same central structures.

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“…Although an earlier study by Ingvar & Philipson (1977) showed somewhat different patterns of activation between mental conception and actual execution of clenching the hand, subsequent brain imaging studies tend to support the hypothesis of common neural mechanisms between motor imagery and execution of motor programmes. In general, the supplementary motor area (SMA; Roland, Larsen, Lassen & Skinhoj, 1980;Decety, Philippon & Ingvar, 1988), the cerebellum (Decety et al 1988;Decety, Sjoholm, Ryding, Stenberg & Ingvar, 1990;Ryding, Decety, Sj0holm, Stenberg & Ingvar, 1993) and the basal ganglia (Decety et al 1990;Ryding et al 1993) have been shown to be activated during both imagined and actual motor tasks. The actual execution of the motor task was additionally associated with activation of contralateral primary motor cortex and somatosensory areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imagination of dynamic exercise produced ventilatory responses which were more apparent in competitive sportsmen.

Wuyam

Moosavi

Decety

et al. 1995

The Journal of Physiology

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1. The cardiorespiratory response to imagination of previously performed treadmill exercise was measured in six competitive sportsmen and six non-athletic males. This was compared with the response to a control task (imagining letters) and a task not involving imagination ('treadmill sound only'). 2. In athletes, imagined exercise produced increases in ventilation which varied within and between subjects. The mean maximal increase (11 7 1 min-) was approximately 20 % of the ventilatory response to actual exercise. This was primarily due to treadmill speedrelated increases in respiratory frequency (mean maximal increase, 14-8 breaths min-') and resulted in significant reductions in end-tidal Pco, (mean maximal fall, 7 mmHg).These effects were greater (P < 0 01) than any observed during the control tasks.3. Changes in heart rate (mean increase, 12 beats min-1) were not significantly different from those observed during the control tasks (P > 0 2). 4. In non-athletes, imagination of exercise produced no changes in cardiorespiratory variables. No significant differences were detected in subjective assessments of movement imagery ability between athletes and non-athletes (P = 0-17). 5. This study demonstrates that ventilatory effects, when observed, are specific to imagination of exercise. The greater likelihood of generating ventilatory responses in highly trained athletes, experienced in 'rhythmic' sports, may be related to awareness of breathing and its role in exercise imagination strategy. A volitional component of the response cannot be discounted.

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Motor imagery activates the cerebellum regionally. A SPECT rCBF study with 99mTc-HMPAO

Cited by 157 publications

References 19 publications

Activation of Cortical and Cerebellar Motor Areas during Executed and Imagined Hand Movements: An fMRI Study

Activation of Cortical and Cerebellar Motor Areas during Executed and Imagined Hand Movements: An fMRI Study

Do imagined and executed actions share the same neural substrate?

Imagination of dynamic exercise produced ventilatory responses which were more apparent in competitive sportsmen.

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