Motor inhibition prevents motor execution during typing imagery: evidence from an action‐mode switching paradigm

Abstract

Motor imagery is accompanied by a subjective multisensory experience. This sensory experience is thought to result from the deployment of internal models developed for the execution and monitoring of overt actions. If so, how is it that motor imagery does not to lead to overt execution? Global and effector-specific inhibitory mechanisms may be at play during imagined actions such as imagined typing. To test this hypothesis, we combined an experimental with a modelling approach. We conducted an experiment in which participants (N = 49) were asked to alternate between overt (executed) and covert (imagined) typing of unimanual words. We predicted that global motor inhibition should lead to longer reaction and movement times when the current trial is preceded by an imagined vs. an executed trial. Effector-specific inhibition should amplify this effect when the same hand is used in successive trials. These predictions were borne out by movement times, but not by reaction times. We introduced and fitted an algorithmic model of motor imagery to disentangle potentially distinct inhibitory mechanisms underlying these effects. Results from this analysis suggest that motor inhibition may affect different aspects of the latent activation function (e.g., the shape of the activation function or the motor execution threshold) with distinct consequences on reaction times and movement times. Overall, these results suggest that typing imagery involves the inhibition of motor commands related to typing acts.