Motor learning through virtual reality in cerebral palsy - a literature review

Abstract

Cerebral palsy is a well-recognized neurodevelopmental condition beginning in early childhood and persisting throughout life. It is considered the most common non-progressive neurological disease of childhood. Subjects with cerebral palsy present complex motor skill disorders, the primary deficits being abnormal muscle tone that affects posture and movement, alterations of balance and of motor coordination, decrease in strength and loss of selective motor control, with secondary issues of contracture and bone deformity. This population may have difficulties in motor skill learning processes. Skill learning is learning as a result of repeated exposure and practice. Due to the increasing use of virtual reality in rehabilitation and the significance of motor development learning of subjects with cerebral palsy, we have recognized the need for studies in this area. The purpose of this study was to investigate the results of previous studies on motor learning using virtual reality with patients with cerebral palsy. Initially, 40 studies were found, but 30 articles were excluded, as they did not fulfil the inclusion criteria. The data extracted from the ten eligible studies is summarized. The studies showed benefits from the use of virtual reality in children with cerebral palsy in gross motor function and improvements in motor learning with skill transfer to real-life situations. Therefore, virtual reality seems to be a promising resource and a strategic option for care of these children. However, there are few studies about motor learning with virtual reality use. The long term benefits of virtual reality therapy are still unknown.

Motor Learning In Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy - A Literature Review

“…In the same way as Snider, Majnemer and Darsaklis (2010) and Massetti et al (2014) [23,24], we used a search strategy based on PICOs-P: patient; I: intervention; C: comparison; O: outcomes; S: studys, which is used to locate and compare different studies. (Figure 2).…”

“…According to the recommendations of [24,25] to increase reliability in the selection of items, all potentially relevant were reviewed independently by two researchers, who, after a full reading, agreed to identify which articles met the inclusion and exclusion criteria.…”

Pain characterization in Duchenne muscular dystrophy

“…After that, the researchers agreed which articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria 10,11,12 . The abstracts of identified articles were screened for the following inclusion criteria (Table 1): (1) included a population with a diagnosis of DMD, and (2) pain assessment in this population.…”

“…Inclusion criteria included the investigation of pain in patients with DMD as the main focus of the study and/or quantifying pain in patients with DMD. The last step was an analysis of the full text of eligible works 10,11 . To increase confidence in article selection, two researchers reviewed all the potentially relevant articles independently.…”

Motor learning through virtual reality in elderly - a systematic review

“…16,17 To select the articles we used three steps (figure 1): first, we looked for articles in databases, reading the titles and abstracts; second, we excluded works by title or abstract based upon our selection criteria; the third and final step was to analyze the eligible works. 18,19 As previously described and performed, 18,20 we used the search strategy based on PICOs strategy for the construction of the research, to locate and compare different works. Studies published in English were deemed eligible if they met the PICOs criteria.…”