Motor manifestations and basal ganglia output activity: The paradox continues

Obeso, José A.; Guridi, Jorge; Nambu, Atsushi; Crossman, Alan R.

doi:10.1002/mds.25358

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Fundamentally, BG connectivity literature supports the model where activation of the direct pathway facilitates movements and activation of the hyperdirect and indirect pathways prevents movement (Nambu, 2011, Obeso et al, 2013). However, although there is extensive evidence that action-selection depends on the cortico-BG loop, such evidence is still insufficient to clearly support that action selection occurs as proposed above.…”

Section: Emerging Theories In Bg Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Fourth, it is now recognized that the GPe projects not only to the STN but also sends branched collaterals to the GPi, SNr and SNc. Finally, instead of parallel cortico-BG loops, the striatum is now acknowledged to integrate functionally diverse information derived from cortex and subcortical areas (Bolam et al, 2000; Nambu et al, 2000; Miwa et al, 2001; Jaeger and Kita, 2011; Obeso et al, 2013; Surmeier, 2013; Ullsperger et al, 2014; Woolley et al, 2014). …”

Section: Emerging Theories In Bg Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toward sophisticated basal ganglia neuromodulation: Review on basal ganglia deep brain stimulation

Cunha

Boschen

Gómez-A

et al. 2015

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

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This review presents state-of-the-art knowledge about the roles of the basal ganglia (BG) in action-selection, cognition, and motivation, and how this knowledge has been used to improve deep brain stimulation (DBS) treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Such pathological conditions include Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, Tourette syndrome, depression, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. The first section presents evidence supporting current hypotheses of how the cortico-BG circuitry works to select motor and emotional actions, and how defects in this circuitry can cause symptoms of the BG diseases. Emphasis is given to the role of striatal dopamine on motor performance, motivated behaviors and learning of procedural memories. Next, the use of cutting-edge electrochemical techniques in animal and human studies of BG functioning under normal and disease conditions is discussed. Finally, functional neuroimaging studies are reviewed; these works have shown the relationship between cortico-BG structures activated during DBS and improvement of disease symptoms.

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Section: Emerging Theories In Bg Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Emerging Theories In Bg Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward sophisticated basal ganglia neuromodulation: Review on basal ganglia deep brain stimulation

Cunha

Boschen

Gómez-A

et al. 2015

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

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“…On the one hand, the SNr is considered to be one of the BG output nuclei keeping thalamic and brainstem nuclei under tonic inhibitory control through sustained, spontaneous high-frequency firing 66 and facilitating movements by phasic neuronal firing pauses. 67 , 68 SNr neurons were shown to be involved in movement selection, as it has been generally proposed for subthalamic and BG function. 57 , 69 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Subthalamic and nigral neurons are differentially modulated during parkinsonian gait

Gulberti

Wagner

Horn

et al. 2023

Brain

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The parkinsonian gait disorder and freezing of gait are therapeutically demanding symptoms with considerable impact on quality of life. The aim of this study was to assess the role of subthalamic and nigral neurons in the parkinsonian gait control using intraoperative microelectrode recordings of basal ganglia neurons during a supine stepping task. 12 male patients (56±7 years) suffering from moderate idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (disease duration 10±3 years, Hoehn & Yahr stage 2) participated in the study. After 10 seconds resting period, stepping at self-paced speed for 35 seconds was followed by short intervals of stepping in response to random “start” and “stop” cues. Single- and multi-unit activity was analysed offline in relation to different aspects of the stepping task (attentional “start” and “stop” cues, heel strikes, stepping irregularities) in terms of firing frequency, firing pattern, and oscillatory activity. Subthalamic nucleus and the substantia nigra neurons responded to different aspects of the stepping task. 24% of the subthalamic nucleus neurons exhibited movement-related activity modulation as an increase of the firing rate, suggesting a predominant role of the subthalamic nucleus in motor aspects of the task, while 8% of subthalamic nucleus neurons showed a modulation in response to the attentional cues. In contrast, responsive substantia nigra neurons showed activity changes exclusively associated with attentional aspects of the stepping task (15%). The firing pattern of subthalamic nucleus neurons revealed gait-related firing regulation and a drop of beta oscillations during regular stepping performance. During freezing episodes instead, there was a rise of beta oscillatory activity. This study shows for the first time specific, task-related, subthalamic nucleus and substantia nigra single unit activity during gait-like movements in humans with differential roles in motor and attentional control of gait. The emergence of perturbed firing patterns in the subthalamic nucleus indicates a disturbed information transfer within the gait network, resulting in freezing of gait.

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“…Dopaminergic projections from the SNpc differentially activate the two striatal neuronal populations due to the different dominant postsynaptic receptors. Dopamine binding to DRD1 facilitates the 'direct' pathway, whereas dopamine binding at DRD2 suppresses the 'indirect' pathway (Danion & Latash, 2011;Gerfen et al, 1990;Kandel et al, 2013;J. A. Obeso, Guridi, Nambu, & Crossman, 2013).…”

Section: Functional Changes In Basal Ganglia-thalamocortical Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Response Inhibition Have Pre- and Postdiagnostic Utility in Parkinson's Disease?

MacDonald

Byblow

2015

Journal of Motor Behavior

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Parkinson's disease (Pd) is the second most prevalent degenerative neurological condition worldwide. Improving and sustaining quality of life is an important goal for Parkinson's patients. Key areas of focus to achieve this goal include earlier diagnosis and individualized treatment. In this review the authors discuss impulse control in Pd and examine how measures of impulse control from a response inhibition task may provide clinically useful information (a) within an objective test battery to aid earlier diagnosis of Pd and (b) in postdiagnostic Pd, to better identify individuals at risk of developing impulse control disorders with dopaminergic medication.

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Motor manifestations and basal ganglia output activity: The paradox continues

Cited by 6 publications

References 33 publications

Toward sophisticated basal ganglia neuromodulation: Review on basal ganglia deep brain stimulation

Toward sophisticated basal ganglia neuromodulation: Review on basal ganglia deep brain stimulation

Subthalamic and nigral neurons are differentially modulated during parkinsonian gait

Does Response Inhibition Have Pre- and Postdiagnostic Utility in Parkinson's Disease?

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